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Test 2 · ★★ · Safe at lakes and beaches

A boy in Minnesota jumps straight into a very cold lake and gasps, swallowing water. What lesson should he learn?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy, lesson · What happens: jump, gasp, swallow, learn · To what, where: cold lake, swallowing water

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 232 «Safe at lakes and beaches» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy in Minnesota jumps straight into a very cold lake and gasps, swallowing water.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 jumps	nsubj
3	in	in	ADP	_	4 Minnesota	case
4	Minnesota	Minnesota	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 boy	nmod
5	jumps	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	straight	straight	ADV	_	11 lake	advmod
7	into	into	ADP	_	11 lake	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 lake	det
9	very	very	ADV	_	10 cold	advmod
10	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 lake	amod
11	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 jumps	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 gasps	cc
13	gasps	gasp	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 jumps	conj
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 swallowing	punct
15	swallowing	swallow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 water	amod
16	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 gasps	obj
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 jumps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump	present	a boy in Minnesota					into a cold lake result	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into lake=Result
2	gasp	present	a boy in Minnesota not said here	swallowing water					vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Topic
3	swallow	gerund							vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What lesson should he learn?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	DET	PronType=Int	2 lesson	det
2	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 learn	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 learn	aux
4	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 learn	nsubj
5	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 learn	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	should	what lesson						vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1

He should have jumped in head first

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 jumped	nsubj
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 have	aux
3	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 He	conj
4	jumped	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 head	case
6	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 jumped	obl
7	first	first	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	4 jumped	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	should	He not said here						vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	jump	past	He			head		first property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in head=Trajectory

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Get into cold water slowly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Get	get	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	into	into	ADP	_	4 water	case
3	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 water	amod
4	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Get	obl
5	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	1 Get	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	imperative	you not said here			cold water		slowly property	vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into water=Destination

Option 3

Gasping means he is swimming well

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Gasping	gasping	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 means	nsubj
2	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 swimming	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 swimming	aux
5	swimming	swim	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 means	ccomp
6	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	5 swimming	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Gasping						vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	swim	present · progressive	Gasping					well property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Cold water is only dangerous in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 water	amod
2	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dangerous	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 dangerous	cop
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 dangerous	advmod
5	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 winter	case
7	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dangerous	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Cold water				winter	dangerous property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/232-lakes-and-beaches/t2/