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Test 3 · ★★ · Snow, ice and strong sun

A boy's friend throws a hard, icy snowball at a passing car. What could happen?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: friend · What happens: throw, pass, happen · To what, where: hard icy snowball, passing car

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 234 «Snow, ice and strong sun» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A boy's friend throws a hard, icy snowball at a passing car.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 boy	det
2	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 friend	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 boy	case
4	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 throws	nsubj
5	throws	throw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 snowball	det
7	hard	hard	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 snowball	amod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 hard	punct
9	icy	icy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 snowball	amod
10	snowball	snowball	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 throws	obj
11	at	at	ADP	_	14 car	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 car	det
13	passing	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	14 car	amod
14	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 throws	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 throws	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	throw	present	a boy's friend	a hard icy snowball		a passing car			vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent snowball=Theme at car=Destination
2	pass	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What could happen?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	could							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The driver could be startled and crash

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 driver	det
2	driver	driver	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 startled	nsubj:pass
3	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 startled	aux
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 startled	aux:pass
5	startled	startle	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 crash	cc
7	crash	crash	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 startled	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	startle	could · passive		the driver					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer

Option 2

Nothing, because cars are made of metal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	root	root
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 made	punct
3	because	because	SCONJ	_	6 made	mark
4	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 made	nsubj:pass
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 made	aux:pass
6	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Nothing	appos
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 metal	case
8	metal	metal	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present · passive		cars				of metal	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Option 3

The car will just get a little bit cleaner

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 car	det
2	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 get	nsubj
3	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 get	aux
4	just	just	ADV	_	5 get	advmod
5	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 cleaner	det
7	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 cleaner	amod
8	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 cleaner	compound
9	cleaner	cleaner	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 get	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	future	the car	a little bit cleaner					vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cleaner=Stimulus

Option 4

The snowball will melt long before it hits the car

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 snowball	det
2	snowball	snowball	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 melt	nsubj
3	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 melt	aux
4	melt	melt	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	4 melt	advmod
6	before	before	SCONJ	_	8 hits	mark
7	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 hits	nsubj
8	hits	hit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 melt	advcl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 car	det
10	car	car	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 hits	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	melt	future	the snowball					long property	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	hit	present	snowball	the car					vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme car=Co-Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/234-snow-ice-and-sun/t3/