Test 17 · ★ · Parks, playgrounds, woods and hiking

my mate says a boy went too near the cliff for a selfie and "the whole edge fell into the sea with him". what's the true bit

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: mate, boy, whole edge · What happens: say, go, fall, be · To what, where: cliff, sea, true bit · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 17 · ★ of lesson 299 «Parks, playgrounds, woods and hiking» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 boy	det
5	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 went	nsubj
6	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
7	too	too	ADV	_	6 went	advmod
8	near	near	ADP	_	10 cliff	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 cliff	det
10	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 went	obl
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 selfie	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 selfie	det
13	selfie	selfie	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 went	obl
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 fell	cc
15	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 fell	punct
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 edge	det
17	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 edge	amod
18	edge	edge	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 fell	nsubj
19	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 went	conj
20	into	into	ADP	_	22 sea	case
21	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	22 sea	det
22	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 fell	obl
23	with	with	ADP	_	24 him	case
24	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 fell	obl
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 went	punct
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct
27	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	31 bit	nsubj
28	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	31 bit	cop
29	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	31 bit	det
30	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 bit	amod
31	bit	bit	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	my mate				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	go	past	a boy		the cliff	for a selfie	vn rummage-35.5 «NP V PP.location PP.theme»: agent=Agent near cliff=Location for selfie=Theme
3	fall in a quote	past	the whole edge			into the sea result; with boy	vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into sea=Result
4	is a	present		the true bit			tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Cliffs never crumble in summer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 crumble	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 crumble	advmod
3	crumble	crumble	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 summer	case
5	summer	summer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crumble	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not crumble	present	Cliffs				summer		vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

Selfies are only dangerous at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Selfies	selfy	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dangerous	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dangerous	cop
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 dangerous	advmod
4	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 night	case
6	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dangerous	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Selfies				night	dangerous property	tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Cliff edges can crumble, so stay well back behind the fence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 edges	compound
2	edges	edge	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 crumble	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 crumble	aux
4	crumble	crumble	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 stay	punct
6	so	so	ADV	_	7 stay	advmod
7	stay	stay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 crumble	conj
8	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	9 back	advmod
9	back	back	ADV	_	7 stay	advmod
10	behind	behind	ADP	_	12 fence	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 fence	det
12	fence	fence	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 stay	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	crumble	can	Cliff edges						vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	stay	infinitive	Cliff edges not said here			the fence			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme behind fence=Location

Option 4

Fences on cliffs are just decoration, the ground is always solid

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fences	fence	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 decoration	nsubj
2	on	on	ADP	_	3 cliffs	case
3	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Fences	nmod
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 decoration	cop
5	just	just	ADV	_	6 decoration	advmod
6	decoration	decoration	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 solid	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 ground	det
9	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 solid	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 solid	cop
11	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	12 solid	advmod
12	solid	solid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 decoration	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Fences on cliffs	decoration					tree rules
2	is	present	the ground					always, solid property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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