Exam question 1 · Thinking like an animal

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the hunting behaviour of well-fed domestic cats?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, feed · To what, where: hunting behaviour

This is exam question 1 of lesson 30 «Thinking like an animal» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 behaviour	det
10	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 behaviour	compound
11	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	17 cats	case
13	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	15 fed	advmod
14	-	-	PUNCT	_	13 well	punct
15	fed	feed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 cats	amod
16	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 cats	amod
17	cats	cat	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 behaviour	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the hunting behaviour of fed domestic cats	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	feed	participle		well property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

They have lost all hunting instinct entirely through living with people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 lost	nsubj
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lost	aux
3	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 instinct	det
5	hunting	hunt	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 instinct	amod
6	instinct	instinct	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lost	obj
7	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	3 lost	advmod
8	through	through	ADP	_	9 living	case
9	living	live	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 lost	obl
10	with	with	ADP	_	11 people	case
11	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 living	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	lose	present · perfect	They	all hunting instinct	entirely property	vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent instinct=Eventuality
2	hunt	gerund				vn hunt-35.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	live	gerund			with people	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with people=Location

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They retain a hunting instinct notwithstanding that they are well fed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 retain	nsubj
2	retain	retain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 instinct	det
4	hunting	hunting	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 instinct	compound
5	instinct	instinct	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 retain	obj
6	notwithstanding	notwithstand	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 instinct	acl
7	that	that	SCONJ	_	11 fed	mark
8	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 fed	nsubj:pass
9	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 fed	aux:pass
10	well	well	ADV	Degree=Pos	11 fed	advmod
11	fed	feed	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 notwithstanding	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	retain	present	They	a hunting instinct		tree rules
2	notwithstand	gerund	a hunting instinct not said here			tree rules
3	feed	present · passive		they	well property	vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP»: subject=Recipient

Option 3

They hunt only when deprived of food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hunt	nsubj
2	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 deprived	advmod
4	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	5 deprived	advmod
5	deprived	deprive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 hunt	ccomp
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 food	case
7	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 deprived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	They						tree rules
2	deprive	participle	They not said here					of food	vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent of food=Theme

Option 4

They hunt only birds and never mammals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 hunt	nsubj
2	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 birds	advmod
4	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hunt	obj
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 mammals	cc
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 mammals	advmod
7	mammals	mammal	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 birds	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	They	birds and mammals					vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bird=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/30-thinking-like-an-animal/e1/