Exam question 2 · Thinking like an animal

Identify the definition of a fledgling.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, define · To what, where: definition, fledgling

This is exam question 2 of lesson 30 «Thinking like an animal» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 definition	det
3	definition	definition	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 fledgling	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 fledgling	det
6	fledgling	fledgling	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 definition	nmod
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the definition of a fledgling					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent definition=Theme
2	define			a fledgling					nom definition «communication transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

A bird that has been abandoned by its parents

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bird	det
2	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 abandoned	nsubj:pass
4	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 abandoned	aux
5	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 abandoned	aux:pass
6	abandoned	abandon	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 bird	acl:relcl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 parents	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 parents	nmod:poss
9	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 abandoned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abandon	present · perfect · passive	bird's parents	a bird					vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: agent=Theme subject=Source

Option 2

An adult bird that has lost the power of flight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	An	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 bird	det
2	adult	adult	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 bird	amod
3	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 lost	nsubj:pass
5	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 lost	aux
6	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 bird	acl:relcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 power	det
8	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 lost	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 flight	case
10	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 power	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present · perfect · passive		a adult bird					tree rules

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A young feathered bird that has left the nest and hops upon the ground whilst its parents still feed it

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 bird	det
2	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 bird	amod
3	feathered	feathered	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 bird	amod
4	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hops	nsubj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 left	nsubj:pass
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 left	aux
7	left	leave	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 bird	acl:relcl
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 nest	det
9	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 left	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 left	cc
11	hops	hop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	upon	upon	ADP	_	14 ground	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ground	det
14	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hops	obl
15	whilst	whilst	SCONJ	_	19 feed	mark
16	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 parents	nmod:poss
17	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 feed	nsubj
18	still	still	ADV	_	19 feed	advmod
19	feed	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 hops	advcl
20	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 feed	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	roles by
1	leave	present · perfect · passive		a young feathered bird			vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme nest=Attribute
2	hop	present	a young feathered bird		the ground		vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon ground=Trajectory
3	feed	present	bird's parents	bird		still	vn feeding-39.7 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Theme

Option 4

A newly hatched bird without feathers inside the nest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 hatched	det
2	newly	newly	ADV	_	3 hatched	advmod
3	hatched	hatch	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hatched	obj
5	without	without	ADP	_	6 feathers	case
6	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 hatched	obl
7	inside	inside	ADP	_	9 nest	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 nest	det
9	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 hatched	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hatch	participle		bird		the nest		without feathers; newly property	vn grow-26.2.1 «NP V NP.product PP.patient»: agent=Agent bird=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/30-thinking-like-an-animal/e2/