Exam question 1 · Interrupting, boasting, your own story, losing a pet or a…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises death as distinguished from sleep?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, distinguish · To what, where: death

This is exam question 1 of lesson 320 «Interrupting, boasting, your own story, losing a pet or a person, bullying, saying no, comparing yourself online, pocket money and curiosity» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
10	as	as	SCONJ	_	11 distinguished	mark
11	distinguished	distinguish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 characterises	advcl
12	from	from	ADP	_	13 sleep	case
13	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 distinguished	obl
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	death	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	distinguish	participle		from sleep	vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent from sleep=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Sleep may cause death

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cause	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 cause	aux
3	cause	cause	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cause	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cause	may	Sleep	death					vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition death=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

In death the body stops working forever, whereas in sleep it still works

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 death	case
2	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stops	obl
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 body	det
4	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 stops	nsubj
5	stops	stop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	working	work	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 stops	xcomp
7	forever	forever	ADV	_	6 working	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 whereas	punct
9	whereas	wherea	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 stops	conj
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 sleep	case
11	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 whereas	obl
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 works	nsubj
13	still	still	ADV	_	14 works	advmod
14	works	work	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 sleep	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stop	present	the body		death			vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality
2	work	gerund	the body not said here				forever property	vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	wherea	present	the body not said here		sleep			tree rules
4	work	present	body	sleep not said here		still		vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent sleep=Material

Option 3

A dead pet may wake if kept warm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 pet	det
2	dead	dead	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 pet	amod
3	pet	pet	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 wake	nsubj
4	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 wake	aux
5	wake	wake	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	if	if	SCONJ	_	7 kept	mark
7	kept	keep	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 wake	advcl
8	warm	warm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 kept	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wake	may	a dead pet						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	keep a condition, not said to happen	participle	a dead pet not said here					warm property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

Death is merely a very long sleep, from which some persons may later wake

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sleep	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 sleep	cop
3	merely	merely	ADV	_	7 sleep	advmod
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 sleep	det
5	very	very	ADV	_	6 long	advmod
6	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sleep	amod
7	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 wake	punct
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 which	case
10	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 wake	nsubj
11	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	12 persons	det
12	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 wake	nsubj
13	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 wake	aux
14	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	15 wake	advmod
15	wake	wake	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 sleep	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Death	a long sleep and wake				merely property	tree rules
2	wake	may	a long sleep and wake					late property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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