Exam question 2 · Outdoors: icy playgrounds, blisters, cliff edges, trail ma…

Identify the principal reason for which children must never be in or near a pool without a grown-up watching.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, children, grown up · What happens: identify, not be, watch · To what, where: principal reason, pool

This is exam question 2 of lesson 325 «Outdoors: icy playgrounds, blisters, cliff edges, trail markers, quarries, campfire burns, river crossings, bridges and pool safety» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	15 pool	obl
7	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 pool	nsubj
8	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	15 pool	aux
9	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	15 pool	advmod
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 pool	cop
11	in	in	ADP	_	15 pool	case
12	or	or	CCONJ	_	13 near	cc
13	near	near	ADP	_	11 in	conj
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 pool	det
15	pool	pool	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reason	nmod
16	without	without	ADP	_	20 up	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 up	det
18	grown	grown	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 up	compound
19	-	-	PUNCT	_	20 up	punct
20	up	up	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 pool	nmod
21	watching	watch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	20 up	acl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	not is	must	children		a pool	for the principal reason; without a grown up	tree rules
3	watch	gerund	a grown up not said here				vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Pools are always closed by law whenever no adult is present at the house

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pools	pool	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 closed	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 closed	aux:pass
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 closed	advmod
4	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 law	case
6	law	law	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 closed	obl
7	whenever	whenever	ADV	PronType=Rel	11 present	advmod
8	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	9 adult	det
9	adult	adult	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 present	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 present	cop
11	present	present	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 closed	advcl
12	at	at	ADP	_	14 house	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 house	det
14	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 present	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	close	present · passive	law	Pools				always property	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient
2	is	present	no adult			the house		present, whenever property	tree rules

Option 2

Children cannot open pool gates

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 open	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 open	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 open	advmod
4	open	open	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	pool	pool	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 gates	compound
6	gates	gate	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 open	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not open	can	Children	pool gates					vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location gate=Theme

Option 3

Adults must check the temperature

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Adults	adult	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 check	nsubj
2	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 check	aux
3	check	check	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 temperature	det
5	temperature	temperature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 check	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	check	must	Adults	the temperature					vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent temperature=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Most child drownings happen in home pools when no one is watching

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	3 drownings	amod
2	child	child	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drownings	compound
3	drownings	drowning	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 happen	nsubj
4	happen	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 pools	case
6	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 pools	compound
7	pools	pool	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 happen	obl
8	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	12 watching	advmod
9	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	10 one	det
10	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 watching	nsubj
11	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 watching	aux
12	watching	watch	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	4 happen	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present	Most child drownings			home pools			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in pool=Location
2	watch	present · progressive	no one						vn search-35.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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