Test 5 · ★★ · Outdoors: icy playgrounds, blisters, cliff edges, trail ma… A boy burns his finger on a hot marshmallow stick. His friend says to put butter on it. What is true?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: boy, friend · What happens: burn, say, put, be · To what, where: finger, hot marshmallow stick, butter · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 325 «Outdoors: icy playgrounds, blisters, cliff edges, trail markers, quarries, campfire burns, river crossings, bridges and pool safety» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: A boy burns his finger on a hot marshmallow stick.
det nsubj nmod:poss obj case det amod compound obl punct root A DET boy NOUN burns VERB his PRON finger NOUN on ADP a DET hot ADJ marshmallow NOUN stick NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 boy det 2 boy boy NOUN Number=Sing 3 burns nsubj 3 burns burn VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 his his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 5 finger nmod:poss 5 finger finger NOUN Number=Sing 3 burns obj 6 on on ADP _ 10 stick case 7 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 stick det 8 hot hot ADJ Degree=Pos 10 stick amod 9 marshmallow marshmallow NOUN Number=Sing 10 stick compound 10 stick stick NOUN Number=Sing 3 burns obl 11 . . PUNCT _ 3 burns punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 burn present a boy boy's finger a hot marshmallow stick vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent finger=Theme
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: His friend says to put butter on it.
nmod:poss nsubj mark ccomp obj case obl punct root His PRON friend NOUN says VERB to PART put VERB butter NOUN on ADP it PRON . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 3 says nsubj 3 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 to to PART _ 5 put mark 5 put put VERB VerbForm=Inf 3 says ccomp 6 butter butter NOUN Number=Sing 5 put obj 7 on on ADP _ 8 it case 8 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 put obl 9 . . PUNCT _ 3 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present boy's friend vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 put to-infinitive butter on friend vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent butter=Theme on it=Destination
Sentence 3: What is true?
nsubj cop punct root What PRON is AUX true ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 true nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 true cop 3 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present true property tree rules
The options Option 1 Ice for an hour is better than water
nsubj case det nmod cop case obl root Ice NOUN for ADP an DET hour NOUN is AUX better ADJ than ADP water NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Ice ice NOUN Number=Sing 6 better nsubj 2 for for ADP _ 4 hour case 3 an a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 4 hour det 4 hour hour NOUN Number=Sing 1 Ice nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 better cop 6 better good ADJ Degree=Cmp root root 7 than than ADP _ 8 water case 8 water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 better obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Ice for a hour than water; good property tree rules
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer Butter makes it worse; cool it under running water for 20 minutes
nsubj obj xcomp punct parataxis obj case amod obl case nummod obl root Butter NOUN makes VERB it PRON worse ADJ ; PUNCT cool VERB it PRON under ADP running VERB water NOUN for ADP 20 NUM minutes NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Butter butter NOUN Number=Sing 2 makes nsubj 2 makes make VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 makes obj 4 worse bad ADJ Degree=Cmp 2 makes xcomp 5 ; ; PUNCT _ 6 cool punct 6 cool cool VERB Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin 2 makes parataxis 7 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 6 cool obj 8 under under ADP _ 10 water case 9 running run VERB VerbForm=Ger 10 water amod 10 water water NOUN Number=Sing 6 cool obl 11 for for ADP _ 13 minutes case 12 20 20 NUM NumForm=Digit NumType=Card 13 minutes nummod 13 minutes minute NOUN Number=Plur 6 cool obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 make present Butter it bad property vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material it=Product 2 cool infinitive Butter running water minute vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent it=Patient 3 run gerund vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice A burn should be left alone and covered
det nsubj:pass aux aux:pass xcomp cc conj root A DET burn NOUN should AUX be AUX left VERB alone ADJ and CCONJ covered VERB The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 A a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 2 burn det 2 burn burn NOUN Number=Sing 5 left nsubj:pass 3 should should AUX VerbForm=Fin 5 left aux 4 be be AUX VerbForm=Inf 5 left aux:pass 5 left leave VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 6 alone alone ADJ Degree=Pos 5 left xcomp 7 and and CCONJ _ 8 covered cc 8 covered cover VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass 5 left conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 leave should · passive a burn alone property vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme 2 cover participle vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
Option 4 Butter is the best thing for burns, because it soothes and seals the skin
The tree, 14 words nsubj cop det amod case nmod punct mark nsubj parataxis cc conj det obj root Butter NOUN is AUX the DET best ADJ thing NOUN for ADP burns NOUN , PUNCT because SCONJ it PRON soothes VERB and CCONJ seals VERB the DET skin NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Butter butter NOUN Number=Sing 5 thing nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 thing cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 5 thing det 4 best good ADJ Degree=Sup 5 thing amod 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 for for ADP _ 7 burns case 7 burns burn NOUN Number=Plur 5 thing nmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 soothes punct 9 because because SCONJ _ 11 soothes mark 10 it it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 11 soothes nsubj 11 soothes soothe VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 thing parataxis 12 and and CCONJ _ 13 seals cc 13 seals seal VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 11 soothes conj 14 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 15 skin det 15 skin skin NOUN Number=Sing 13 seals obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Butter the best thing for burns tree rules 2 soothe present Butter vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP-PRO-ARB»: agent=Stimulus 3 seal present Butter not said here the skin vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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