Exam question 4 · Rainbows, beach earthquakes, lambs, blackberries, cacti, f…

State the hazard posed by fire ant nests.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: state, pose · To what, where: hazard

This is exam question 4 of lesson 326 «Rainbows, beach earthquakes, lambs, blackberries, cacti, fire ants and bee stings» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 hazard	det
3	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	obj
4	posed	pose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 hazard	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	8 nests	case
6	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 ant	compound
7	ant	ant	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 nests	compound
8	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 posed	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	state speech: other	imperative	you not said here	the hazard					vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent hazard=Topic
2	pose	participle		the hazard not said here				by ant nests	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Fire ants only bite plants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ants	compound
2	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 bite	nsubj
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 bite	advmod
4	bite	bite	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 bite	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bite	present	Fire ants	plants					vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Fire ants sting many times, and many stings can make a person ill

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ants	compound
2	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sting	nsubj
3	sting	sting	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 times	amod
5	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sting	obl:unmarked
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 make	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 make	cc
8	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 stings	amod
9	stings	sting	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 make	nsubj
10	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 make	aux
11	make	make	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 sting	parataxis
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 person	det
13	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 make	obj
14	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 make	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sting	present	Fire ants				time		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	make	can	many stings	a person				ill property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset person=Product

Option 3

Fire ants sting once and then die

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ants	compound
2	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 sting	nsubj
3	sting	sting	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 sting	advmod
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 die	cc
6	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	7 die	advmod
7	die	die	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 sting	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sting	present	Fire ants					once property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer
2	die	infinitive	Fire ants not said here				then		vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Option 4

Fire ants are harmless to people, being far too small to sting

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ants	compound
2	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 harmless	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 harmless	cop
4	harmless	harmless	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	6 people	case
6	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 harmless	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 small	punct
8	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 small	cop
9	far	far	ADV	Degree=Pos	11 small	advmod
10	too	too	ADV	_	11 small	advmod
11	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 harmless	conj
12	to	to	PART	_	13 sting	mark
13	sting	sting	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 small	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	Fire ants	to people; harmless property	tree rules
2	is	gerund	Fire ants not said here	far, small property	tree rules
3	sting	to-infinitive	Fire ants not said here		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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