Exam question 1 · Toy age labels, cords, pretend play, card games, motion ga…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises a toy marked «3 and up»?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: toy · What happens: follow, characteris, mark · To what, where: toy, 3

This is exam question 1 of lesson 327 «Toy age labels, cords, pretend play, card games, motion games, hammers and paintbrushes» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 toy	det
10	toy	toy	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	marked	mark	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 toy	acl
12	«	«	PUNCT	_	13 3	punct
13	3	3	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 marked	obj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 up	cc
15	up	uphill	ADV	Typo=Yes	13 3	compound
16	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 3	punct
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		a toy	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	mark	participle	a toy not said here	3		vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent 3=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It requires three batteries

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 requires	nsubj
2	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 batteries	nummod
4	batteries	battery	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 requires	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	It	three batteries					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme battery=Precondition

Option 2

It is designed for three players or more, and cannot be played alone

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 designed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 designed	aux:pass
3	designed	design	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 players	case
5	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	6 players	nummod
6	players	player	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 designed	obl
7	or	or	CCONJ	_	8 more	cc
8	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 players	conj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 played	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 played	cc
11	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 played	aux
12	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 played	advmod
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 played	aux:pass
14	played	play	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 designed	conj
15	alone	alone	ADV	_	14 played	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	design	present · passive		It				for three players	vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Result for player=Beneficiary
2	not play	can · passive						alone property	vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It should not be given to a toddler, as it may have small parts

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 given	nsubj:pass
2	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 given	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 given	advmod
4	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 given	aux:pass
5	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 toddler	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 toddler	det
8	toddler	toddler	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 given	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 have	punct
10	as	as	SCONJ	_	13 have	mark
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 have	nsubj
12	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 have	aux
13	have	have	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 given	conj
14	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 parts	amod
15	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not give	should · passive		It	a toddler				vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: subject=Theme to toddler=Recipient
2	have	may	toddler	small parts					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Patient

Option 4

It costs three pounds or more

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 costs	nsubj
2	costs	cost	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	three	three	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 pounds	nummod
4	pounds	pound	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 costs	obj
5	or	or	CCONJ	_	6 more	cc
6	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 pounds	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cost	present	It	three pounds					vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme pound=Value

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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