Exam question 1 · Snooping on phones, diaries and letters

Identify the principal reason for which knowledge of another person's access code does not entitle one to use the device.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, knowledge, person · What happens: identify, not entitle, use, code · To what, where: principal reason, one, device

This is exam question 1 of lesson 357 «Snooping on phones, diaries and letters» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	7 knowledge	det
7	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 entitle	nsubj
8	of	of	ADP	_	13 code	case
9	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	10 person	det
10	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 code	nmod:poss
11	's	's	PART	_	10 person	case
12	access	access	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 code	compound
13	code	code	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 knowledge	nmod
14	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 entitle	aux
15	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 entitle	advmod
16	entitle	entitle	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 reason	acl:relcl
17	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 entitle	obj
18	to	to	PART	_	19 use	mark
19	use	use	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	16 entitle	advcl
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 device	det
21	device	device	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 use	obj
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	not entitle	present · do-support	which knowledge of another person's access code	one	tree rules
3	use	to-infinitive	which knowledge of another person's access code not said here	the device	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent device=Patient
4	code		another person		nom code «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Devices within a household may be used freely by any family member

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Devices	device	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 used	nsubj:pass
2	within	within	ADP	_	4 household	case
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 household	det
4	household	household	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Devices	nmod
5	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 used	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 used	aux:pass
7	used	use	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	freely	freely	ADV	_	7 used	advmod
9	by	by	ADP	_	12 member	case
10	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	12 member	det
11	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 member	compound
12	member	member	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 used	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	may · passive	any family member	Devices within a household				freely property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Permission is granted by the owner and not by knowledge of the code

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Permission	permission	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 granted	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 granted	aux:pass
3	granted	grant	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 owner	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 owner	det
6	owner	owner	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 granted	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 knowledge	cc
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	10 knowledge	advmod
9	by	by	ADP	_	10 knowledge	case
10	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 owner	conj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 code	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 code	det
13	code	code	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 knowledge	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grant	present · passive	the owner and knowledge of the code	Permission					vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent subject=Theme

Option 3

Entitlement arises from proximity to the device

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Entitlement	entitlement	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 arises	nsubj
2	arises	arise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 proximity	case
4	proximity	proximity	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 arises	obl
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 device	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 device	det
7	device	device	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 arises	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	arise	present	Entitlement			proximity		to the device	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Codes are known only to their owners

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Codes	code	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 known	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 known	aux:pass
3	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 owners	advmod
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 owners	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 owners	nmod:poss
7	owners	owner	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 known	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	know	present · passive		Codes				to Codes's owners	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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