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Exam question 3 · Street gangs and loyalty

It is given that a pupil declines to attend a planned altercation between two streets. Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning loyalty.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: pupil, you, established facts · What happens: give, decline, not attend, plan, select, establish · To what, where: It, planned altercation, response, loyalty

This is exam question 3 of lesson 383 «Street gangs and loyalty» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a pupil declines to attend a planned altercation between two streets.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	7 declines	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 pupil	det
6	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 declines	nsubj
7	declines	decline	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
8	to	to	PART	_	9 attend	mark
9	attend	attend	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 declines	xcomp
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 altercation	det
11	planned	plan	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	12 altercation	amod
12	altercation	altercation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 attend	obj
13	between	between	ADP	_	15 streets	case
14	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 streets	nummod
15	streets	street	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 altercation	nmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	decline	present	a pupil						vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
3	not attend	to-infinitive	a pupil not said here	a planned altercation				between two streets	vn attend-107.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme altercation=Goal
4	plan	participle							vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning loyalty.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	loyalty	loyalty	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response				consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle							vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	loyalty					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus loyalty=Experiencer

The options

Option 1

The refusal is acceptable only if the pupil is injured

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 refusal	det
2	refusal	refusal	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 acceptable	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 acceptable	cop
4	acceptable	acceptable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	only	only	ADV	_	10 injured	advmod
6	if	if	SCONJ	_	10 injured	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 pupil	det
8	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 injured	nsubj:pass
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 injured	aux:pass
10	injured	injure	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 acceptable	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the refusal					acceptable property	tree rules
2	injure a condition, not said to happen	present · passive		the pupil					tree rules

Option 2

Loyalty requires participation in every altercation involving one's street

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Loyalty	loyalty	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	nsubj
2	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	participation	participation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	obj
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 altercation	case
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 altercation	det
6	altercation	altercation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	obl
7	involving	involve	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 altercation	acl
8	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 street	nmod:poss
9	's	's	PART	_	8 one	case
10	street	street	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 involving	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	Loyalty	participation		every altercation			vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme participation=Precondition
2	involve	gerund	every altercation not said here	one's street					vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent street=Theme

Option 3

The refusal constitutes disloyalty to the pupil's street

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 refusal	det
2	refusal	refusal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 constitutes	nsubj
3	constitutes	constitute	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	disloyalty	disloyalty	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 constitutes	obj
5	to	to	ADP	_	9 street	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 pupil	det
7	pupil	pupil	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 street	nmod:poss
8	's	's	PART	_	7 pupil	case
9	street	street	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 constitutes	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	constitute	present	the refusal	disloyalty				to the pupil's street	vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme disloyalty=Pivot

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The refusal is not betrayal, loyalty consisting in care and honesty towards persons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 refusal	det
2	refusal	refusal	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 betrayal	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 betrayal	cop
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 betrayal	advmod
5	betrayal	betrayal	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 loyalty	punct
7	loyalty	loyalty	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 betrayal	conj
8	consisting	consist	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 loyalty	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 care	case
10	care	care	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 consisting	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 honesty	cc
12	honesty	honesty	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 care	conj
13	towards	towards	ADP	_	14 persons	case
14	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 consisting	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not is a	present	the refusal	betrayal and loyalty					tree rules
2	consist	gerund	loyalty not said here			care and honesty		towards persons	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/383-street-gangs-and-loyalty/e3/