Exam question 4 · How to say stop
It is given that a pupil is incited by his companions to repeat an unkind act and declines. State the most accurate characterisation of his conduct.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: companions, pupil · What happens: give, incite, repeat, characterise, conduct · To what, where: It, pupil, unkind act, conduct
This is exam question 4 of lesson 388 «How to say stop» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: It is given that a pupil is incited by his companions to repeat an unkind act and declines.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 given | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 given | aux:pass |
| 3 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 8 incited | mark |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 pupil | det |
| 6 | pupil | pupil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 incited | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 incited | aux:pass |
| 8 | incited | incite | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 given | advcl |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 companions | case |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 companions | nmod:poss |
| 11 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 incited | obl |
| 12 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 repeat | mark |
| 13 | repeat | repeat | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 incited | advcl |
| 14 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 act | det |
| 15 | unkind | unkind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 act | amod |
| 16 | act | act | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 repeat | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 declines | cc |
| 18 | declines | decline | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 act | conj |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 given | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | present · passive | It | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||||
| 2 | incite | present · passive | pupil's companions | a pupil | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient | ||||
| 3 | repeat | to-infinitive | pupil's companions not said here | a unkind act and declines | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent act=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: State the most accurate characterisation of his conduct.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | State | state | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 characterisation | compound |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 characterisation | det |
| 3 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 4 accurate | advmod |
| 4 | accurate | accurate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 characterisation | amod |
| 5 | characterisation | characterisation | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 conduct | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 conduct | nmod:poss |
| 8 | conduct | conduct | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 characterisation | nmod |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 characterisation | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | characterise | pupil's conduct | nom characterisation «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 2 | conduct | pupil | nom conduct «act transitive»: poss=agent |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
An act of courage, since refusal before one's own companions is difficult
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 act | det |
| 2 | act | act | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 difficult | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 courage | case |
| 4 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 act | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 refusal | punct |
| 6 | since | since | ADP | _ | 7 refusal | case |
| 7 | refusal | refusal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 act | appos |
| 8 | before | before | ADP | _ | 12 companions | case |
| 9 | one | one | PRON | Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 companions | nmod:poss |
| 10 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 9 one | case |
| 11 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 companions | amod |
| 12 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 refusal | nmod |
| 13 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 difficult | cop |
| 14 | difficult | difficult | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a act of courage | difficult property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | act | courage | nom act «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
Option 2
An act of timidity, indicating a want of spirit
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 act | det |
| 2 | act | act | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 timidity | case |
| 4 | timidity | timidity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 act | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 indicating | punct |
| 6 | indicating | indicate | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 act | acl |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 want | det |
| 8 | want | want | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 indicating | obj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 spirit | case |
| 10 | spirit | spirit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 want | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | indicate | gerund | a act of timidity not said here | a want of spirit | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot want=Topic | ||||
| 2 | act | timidity | nom act «communication intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 3 | want | spirit | nom want «state transitive»: of=patient |
Option 3
An act of no significance whatsoever, the dare being trivial and harmless
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 act | det |
| 2 | act | act | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 trivial | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 significance | case |
| 4 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 5 significance | det |
| 5 | significance | significance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 act | nmod |
| 6 | whatsoever | whatsoever | ADV | _ | 5 significance | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 dare | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 dare | det |
| 9 | dare | dare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 trivial | nsubj |
| 10 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 trivial | cop |
| 11 | trivial | trivial | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 harmless | cc |
| 13 | harmless | harmless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 trivial | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | gerund | a act of no significance | trivial property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | a act of no significance not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | act | no significance | nom act «communication intransitive»: of=agent |
Option 4
An act of disloyalty towards his companions
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 act | det |
| 2 | act | act | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 disloyalty | case |
| 4 | disloyalty | disloyalty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 act | nmod |
| 5 | towards | towards | ADP | _ | 7 companions | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 companions | nmod:poss |
| 7 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 act | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | act | disloyalty | towards his companions | nom act «communication intransitive»: of=agent towards=obl |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/everyday/388-how-to-say-stop/e4/