Exam question 1 · Rival teams and the older bully

Identify the principal distinction between a sporting rival and a bully.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, sport · To what, where: principal distinction

This is exam question 1 of lesson 472 «Rival teams and the older bully» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 distinction	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 distinction	amod
4	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	between	between	ADP	_	8 rival	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 rival	det
7	sporting	sport	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 rival	amod
8	rival	rival	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 distinction	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 bully	cc
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 bully	det
11	bully	bully	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 rival	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal distinction				between a sporting rival and a bully	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent distinction=Theme
2	sport	gerund							tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The former competes fairly, whereas the latter persistently intimidates

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 competes	nsubj
3	competes	compete	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	fairly	fairly	ADV	_	3 competes	advmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 intimidates	punct
6	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	10 intimidates	mark
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 latter	det
8	latter	latte	ADV	Degree=Cmp	10 intimidates	advmod
9	persistently	persistently	ADV	_	10 intimidates	advmod
10	intimidates	intimidate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 competes	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	compete	present	the former					fairly property	vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	intimidate	present	the former not said here					latte, persistently property	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2

The former is invariably older than the latter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 former	det
2	former	former	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 older	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 older	cop
4	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	5 older	advmod
5	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
6	than	than	ADP	_	8 latter	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 latter	det
8	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 older	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the former					than the latter; invariably, old property	tree rules

Option 3

No distinction exists between the two

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 distinction	det
2	distinction	distinction	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 exists	nsubj
3	exists	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	between	between	ADP	_	6 two	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 two	det
6	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	3 exists	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	exist	present	no distinction			the two			vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between two=Location

Option 4

The latter is confined to sporting occasions

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 latter	det
2	latter	latter	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 confined	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 confined	aux:pass
4	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 occasions	case
6	sporting	sport	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 occasions	amod
7	occasions	occasion	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 confined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	confine	present · passive		the latter		sporting occasions			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to occasion=Destination
2	sport	gerund							tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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