Test 18 · ★★ · Riding a bike or a scooter safely

my mate says helmets don't do anything, his brother fell with one and still got a bump

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: mate, helmets, brother · What happens: say, not do, fall, get · To what, where: anything, bump · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 18 · ★★ of lesson 5 «Riding a bike or a scooter safely» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 mate	nmod:poss
2	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 do	nsubj
5	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 do	aux
6	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	7 do	advmod
7	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 says	ccomp
8	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	7 do	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 fell	punct
10	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 brother	nmod:poss
11	brother	brother	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 fell	nsubj
12	fell	fall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 says	conj
13	with	with	ADP	_	14 one	case
14	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	12 fell	obl
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 got	cc
16	still	still	ADV	_	17 got	advmod
17	got	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 fell	conj
18	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	19 bump	det
19	bump	bump	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 got	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	my mate				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not do	present · do-support	helmets	anything			vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Eventuality
3	fall	past	mate's brother			with one	vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	get	past	mate's brother not said here	a bump	still		vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bump=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

He is right, helmets only help on scooters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 helmets	amod
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 helmets	punct
5	helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 help	nsubj
6	only	only	ADV	_	7 help	advmod
7	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 scooters	case
9	scooters	scooter	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 help	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	help	present	right helmets			scooters			vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent

Option 2

He is right, helmets make no difference at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 make	punct
5	helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 make	nsubj
6	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	parataxis
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 difference	det
8	difference	difference	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 make	obj
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 all	case
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 make	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	make	present	helmets	no difference		all			vn build-26.1-1 «NP.material V NP»: agent=Material difference=Product

Option 3

He is right, so helmets are only for little kids

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 kids	punct
5	so	so	ADV	_	11 kids	advmod
6	helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 kids	nsubj
7	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 kids	cop
8	only	only	ADV	_	11 kids	advmod
9	for	for	ADP	_	11 kids	case
10	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 kids	amod
11	kids	kid	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 right	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	is	present	helmets					for little kids	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A bump does not prove helmets fail; a good helmet greatly lowers the chance of serious head injury

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 bump	det
2	bump	bump	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 prove	nsubj
3	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 prove	aux
4	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	5 prove	advmod
5	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	helmets	helmet	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 fail	nsubj
7	fail	fail	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 prove	ccomp
8	;	;	PUNCT	_	13 lowers	punct
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 helmet	det
10	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 helmet	amod
11	helmet	helmet	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 lowers	nsubj
12	greatly	greatly	ADV	_	13 lowers	advmod
13	lowers	lower	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 prove	parataxis
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 chance	det
15	chance	chance	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 lowers	obj
16	of	of	ADP	_	19 injury	case
17	serious	serious	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 injury	amod
18	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 injury	compound
19	injury	injury	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 chance	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not prove	present · do-support	a bump			vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	fail	present	helmets			vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	lower	present	a good helmet	the chance of serious head injury	greatly property	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chance=Theme
4	chance		serious head injury			nom chance «state intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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