Exam question 4 · Manners and kindness

Select the response that is consistent with the established facts concerning kindness.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, response, established facts · What happens: select, be, establish, concern · To what, where: response, kindness

This is exam question 4 of lesson 51 «Manners and kindness» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 consistent	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 consistent	cop
6	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	acl:relcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	10 facts	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 facts	det
9	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 facts	amod
10	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consistent	obl
11	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 facts	acl
12	kindness	kindness	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 concerning	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response		vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	is	present	the response		with the established facts; consistent property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
4	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	kindness		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus kindness=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Kindness causes others to behave more unkindly, since they take advantage of it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kindness	kindness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 causes	nsubj
2	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	others	other	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 causes	obj
4	to	to	PART	_	5 behave	mark
5	behave	behave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 causes	xcomp
6	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	7 unkindly	advmod
7	unkindly	unkindly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 behave	xcomp
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 take	punct
9	since	since	SCONJ	_	11 take	mark
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 take	nsubj
11	take	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 causes	conj
12	advantage	advantage	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 take	obj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 it	case
14	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 advantage	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cause	present	Kindness	others		tree rules
2	behave	to-infinitive	others not said here		unkindly property	vn masquerade-29.6-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent
3	take	present	others = other	advantage of Kindness		vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent advantage=Theme

Option 2

Kindness affects only the person who is kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kindness	kindness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 affects	nsubj
2	affects	affect	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 person	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 person	det
5	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 affects	obj
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 kind	nsubj
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 kind	cop
8	kind	kind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 person	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	affect	present	Kindness	the person					vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus person=Experiencer
2	is	present	the person					kind property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Kindness tends to spread, those treated kindly being more likely to be kind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kindness	kindness	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 tends	nsubj
2	tends	tend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 spread	mark
4	spread	spread	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 tends	xcomp
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 likely	punct
6	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	11 likely	nsubj
7	treated	treat	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 likely	advcl
8	kindly	kindly	ADV	_	7 treated	advmod
9	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	11 likely	cop
10	more	more	ADV	Degree=Cmp	11 likely	advmod
11	likely	likely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 tends	parataxis
12	to	to	PART	_	14 kind	mark
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 kind	cop
14	kind	kind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 likely	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	tend	present	Kindness		tree rules
2	spread	to-infinitive	Kindness not said here		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	treat	participle	those not said here	kindly property	vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent
4	is	gerund	those	likely property	tree rules
5	is	to-infinitive	those not said here	kind property	tree rules

Option 4

Kindness is quickly forgotten and has no effect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kindness	kindness	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 forgotten	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 forgotten	aux:pass
3	quickly	quickly	ADV	_	4 forgotten	advmod
4	forgotten	forget	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 has	cc
6	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 forgotten	conj
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 effect	det
8	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	forget	present · passive		Kindness				quickly property	tree rules
2	have	present		no effect					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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