Exam question 1 · Bruises, head bumps, nosebleeds and burns

Which of the following procedures is recommended for the management of an epistaxis, hereinafter referred to as a nosebleed?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, recommend, refer, manage · To what, where: hereinafter, epistaxis

This is exam question 1 of lesson 84 «Bruises, head bumps, nosebleeds and burns» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 recommended	obj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 procedures	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 procedures	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 procedures	amod
5	procedures	procedure	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 recommended	obl
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 recommended	aux:pass
7	recommended	recommend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 management	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 management	det
10	management	management	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 recommended	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 epistaxis	case
12	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 epistaxis	det
13	epistaxis	epistaxis	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 management	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 hereinafter	punct
15	hereinafter	hereinafter	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 epistaxis	conj
16	referred	refer	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 hereinafter	acl
17	to	to	ADP	_	16 referred	obl
18	as	as	ADP	_	20 nosebleed	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 nosebleed	det
20	nosebleed	nosebleed	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 referred	obl
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 recommended	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	recommend	present · passive		of the following procedures; for the management of a epistaxis and hereinafter	vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: which=Theme for management=Attribute
3	refer	participle	hereinafter not said here	as a nosebleed	vn relate-86.2-2 «NP V PP.co-theme»: agent=Theme
4	manage		a epistaxis and hereinafter		nom management «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The person places a quantity of ice directly upon the bare skin of the nose

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 places	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 places	compound
3	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 skin	nsubj
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 quantity	det
5	quantity	quantity	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 skin	nsubj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 ice	case
7	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 quantity	nmod
8	directly	directly	ADV	_	12 skin	advmod
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	12 skin	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 skin	det
11	bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 skin	amod
12	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 nose	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 nose	det
15	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 skin	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

The person lies flat and tilts the head backwards until the bleeding has ceased

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 lies	nsubj
3	lies	lie	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	flat	flat	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 lies	xcomp
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 tilts	cc
6	tilts	tilt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 lies	conj
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 head	det
8	head	head	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 tilts	obj
9	backwards	backwards	ADV	_	6 tilts	advmod
10	until	until	SCONJ	_	14 ceased	mark
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 bleeding	det
12	bleeding	bleeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 ceased	nsubj:pass
13	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 ceased	aux
14	ceased	cease	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 tilts	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	lie	present	the person		flat property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	tilt	present	the person not said here	the head	backwards property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location head=Theme
3	cease	present · perfect · passive		the bleeding		vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality

Option 3

The person blows the nose forcefully at intervals so as to expel all clotted blood

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blows	nsubj
3	blows	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 nose	det
5	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blows	obj
6	forcefully	forcefully	ADV	_	3 blows	advmod
7	at	at	ADP	_	8 intervals	case
8	intervals	interval	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 blows	obl
9	so	so	ADV	_	12 expel	advmod
10	as	as	SCONJ	_	12 expel	mark
11	to	to	PART	_	12 expel	mark
12	expel	expel	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 blows	advcl
13	all	all	ADV	_	14 clotted	advmod
14	clotted	clot	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	15 blood	amod
15	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 expel	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	blow	present	the person	the nose	intervals	forcefully property	vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent nose=Patient
2	expel	to-infinitive	the person not said here	clotted blood			vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Theme
3	clot	participle				all property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The person sits, leans forward and pinches the soft part of the nose for about ten minutes

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sits	nsubj
3	sits	sit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 leans	punct
5	leans	lean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sits	conj
6	forward	forward	ADV	_	5 leans	advmod
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 pinches	cc
8	pinches	pinch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 sits	conj
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 part	det
10	soft	soft	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 part	amod
11	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 pinches	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 nose	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 nose	det
14	nose	nose	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 part	nmod
15	for	for	ADP	_	18 minutes	case
16	about	about	ADV	_	17 ten	advmod
17	ten	ten	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	18 minutes	nummod
18	minutes	minute	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 pinches	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	sit	present	the person				vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	lean	present	the person not said here			forward property	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	pinch	present	the person not said here	the soft part of the nose	minute		vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent part=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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