Exam question 4 · Bruises, head bumps, nosebleeds and burns

State the reason for which ice ought not to be applied directly to the bare skin in the treatment of a bruise.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: not apply, treat · To what, where: ice, treatment, bruise

This is exam question 4 of lesson 84 «Bruises, head bumps, nosebleeds and burns» of the everyday course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	State	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 reason	det
3	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 State	appos
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	11 applied	obl
6	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 applied	nsubj
7	ought	ought	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	11 applied	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	11 applied	advmod
9	to	to	PART	_	11 applied	mark
10	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	11 applied	aux:pass
11	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 reason	acl:relcl
12	directly	directly	ADV	_	16 skin	advmod
13	to	to	ADP	_	16 skin	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 skin	det
15	bare	bare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 skin	amod
16	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 applied	obl
17	in	in	ADP	_	19 treatment	case
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 treatment	det
19	treatment	treatment	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 applied	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 bruise	case
21	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 bruise	det
22	bruise	bruise	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 treatment	nmod
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 State	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not apply	ought · passive		ice		the treatment of a bruise		for the reason; to the bare skin	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for which=Eventuality
2	treat			a bruise					nom treatment «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Ice in direct contact may damage the skin, so a cold pack is wrapped in a cloth

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 damage	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 contact	case
3	direct	direct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 contact	amod
4	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ice	nmod
5	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 damage	aux
6	damage	damage	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 skin	det
8	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 damage	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 wrapped	punct
10	so	so	ADV	_	15 wrapped	advmod
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 pack	det
12	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 pack	amod
13	pack	pack	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 wrapped	nsubj:pass
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 wrapped	aux:pass
15	wrapped	wrap	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 damage	parataxis
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 cloth	case
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 cloth	det
18	cloth	cloth	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 wrapped	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	damage	may	Ice in direct contact	the skin					vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skin=Patient
2	wrap	present · passive		a cold pack		a cloth			vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in cloth=Destination

Option 2

Ice applied directly causes the bruise to spread to adjoining parts of the body

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ice	Ice	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 applied	nsubj
2	applied	apply	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	directly	directly	ADV	_	4 causes	advmod
4	causes	cause	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 applied	ccomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 bruise	det
6	bruise	bruise	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 causes	obj
7	to	to	PART	_	8 spread	mark
8	spread	spread	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 causes	advcl
9	to	to	ADP	_	11 parts	case
10	adjoining	adjoin	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	11 parts	amod
11	parts	part	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 spread	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 body	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 body	det
14	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 parts	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	apply	past	Ice			vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
2	cause	present	Ice not said here	the bruise	directly property	vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition bruise=Patient
3	spread	to-infinitive	Ice not said here		to adjoining parts of the body	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	adjoin	gerund				vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

Ice applied directly is ineffective, as cold has no effect upon any swelling

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ineffective	nsubj
2	applied	apply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Ice	acl
3	directly	directly	ADV	_	2 applied	advmod
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 ineffective	cop
5	ineffective	ineffective	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 has	punct
7	as	as	SCONJ	_	9 has	mark
8	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 has	nsubj
9	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 ineffective	conj
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 effect	det
11	effect	effect	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 has	obj
12	upon	upon	ADP	_	14 swelling	case
13	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	14 swelling	det
14	swelling	swelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 effect	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	apply	participle		Ice not said here	directly property	vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	Ice		ineffective property	tree rules
3	have	present	cold	no effect	upon any swelling	vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient

Option 4

Ice in direct contact makes the bruise permanent and prevents it from fading

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 makes	nsubj
2	in	in	ADP	_	4 contact	case
3	direct	direct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 contact	amod
4	contact	contact	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ice	nmod
5	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 bruise	det
7	bruise	bruise	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 makes	obj
8	permanent	permanent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 makes	xcomp
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 prevents	cc
10	prevents	prevent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 makes	conj
11	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 prevents	obj
12	from	from	ADP	_	13 fading	case
13	fading	fading	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 prevents	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Ice in direct contact	the bruise				permanent property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset bruise=Product
2	prevent	present	Ice in direct contact not said here	bruise		fading			vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Causer it=Beneficiary from fading=Eventuality

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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