Test 2 · ★ · Plurals: les, des and silent s
Ava from Cork says, "Sure des is just 'some' with a posh hat, I can leave it out." Can she?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: Ava · What happens: say, leave out · To what, where: des · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 2 · ★ of lesson 26 «Plurals: les, des and silent s» of the French course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Ava from Cork says, "Sure des is just 'some' with a posh hat, I can leave it out."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ava | Ava | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 says | nsubj |
| 2 | from | from | ADP | _ | 3 Cork | case |
| 3 | Cork | Cork | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Ava | nmod |
| 4 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 some | punct |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 some | punct |
| 7 | Sure | sure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 des | amod |
| 8 | des | des | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 some | nsubj |
| 9 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 some | cop |
| 10 | just | just | ADV | _ | 12 some | advmod |
| 11 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 12 some | punct |
| 12 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 4 says | ccomp |
| 13 | ' | ' | PUNCT | _ | 12 some | punct |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 hat | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 hat | det |
| 16 | posh | posh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 hat | amod |
| 17 | hat | hat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 some | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 hat | punct |
| 19 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 21 leave | nsubj |
| 20 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 leave | aux |
| 21 | leave | leave | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 hat | acl:relcl |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 leave | obj |
| 23 | out | out | ADP | _ | 21 leave | compound:prt |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 says | punct |
| 25 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Ava from Cork | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | leave out in a quote | can | Ava from Cork = ava | des | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Can she?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 1 Can | nsubj |
| 3 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 Can | punct |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
No, French keeps des where English drops "some"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 3 French | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 keeps | nsubj |
| 4 | keeps | keep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | des | de | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 keeps | obj |
| 6 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 8 drops | advmod |
| 7 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 drops | nsubj |
| 8 | drops | drop | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 keeps | conj |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 some | punct |
| 10 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 8 drops | obj |
| 11 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 some | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | keep | present | French | des | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent de=Theme | ||||
| 2 | drop | present | English | some | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Theme |
Option 2
Yes, French drops des like English
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 3 French | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | French | French | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 drops | amod |
| 4 | drops | drop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 des | nsubj |
| 5 | des | de | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | like | like | ADP | _ | 7 English | case |
| 7 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 des | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | de | present | French drops | like English | tree rules |
Option 3
No, but only in questions
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | INTJ | Polarity=Neg | 6 questions | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 No | punct |
| 3 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 6 questions | cc |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 6 questions | advmod |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 questions | case |
| 6 | questions | question | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
Yes, des is just for posh people
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Yes | yes | INTJ | Polarity=Pos | 8 people | discourse |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Yes | punct |
| 3 | des | des | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 people | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 people | cop |
| 5 | just | just | ADV | _ | 8 people | advmod |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 people | case |
| 7 | posh | posh | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 people | amod |
| 8 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | des | for posh people | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/french/26-plurals-les-des-and-silent-s/t2/