Test 2 · Être: to be
Your cousin writes "Tu est mon ami." She goes, "It sounds the same, so who cares, innit?" What's the fix?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cousin, ami, fix · What happens: write, go, sound, care, innit, be
This is test 2 of lesson 28 «Être: to be» of the French course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Your cousin writes "Tu est mon ami."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 cousin | nmod:poss |
| 2 | cousin | cousin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 writes | nsubj |
| 3 | writes | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 est | punct |
| 5 | Tu | Tu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 est | nsubj |
| 6 | est | est | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 writes | conj |
| 7 | mon | mon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 ami | compound |
| 8 | ami | ami | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 est | obj |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 writes | punct |
| 10 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 writes | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | present | Your cousin | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: She goes, "It sounds the same, so who cares, innit?"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 goes | nsubj |
| 2 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 sounds | punct |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 sounds | punct |
| 5 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 sounds | nsubj |
| 6 | sounds | sound | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 goes | conj |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 same | det |
| 8 | same | same | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 sounds | xcomp |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 cares | punct |
| 10 | so | so | ADV | _ | 12 cares | advmod |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 cares | nsubj |
| 12 | cares | care | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 goes | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 innit | punct |
| 14 | innit | innit | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 12 cares | discourse |
| 15 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 goes | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 goes | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | present | cousin | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | sound in a quote | present | ami | same property | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | care in a quote | present | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 4 | innit in a quote | infinitive | tree rules |
Sentence 3: What's the fix?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 fix | det |
| 4 | fix | fix | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the fix | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
Nothing, est is fine with tu
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 3 est | compound |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Nothing | punct |
| 3 | est | est | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fine | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 fine | cop |
| 5 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 7 tu | case |
| 7 | tu | tu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 fine | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | Nothing est | with tu; fine property | tree rules |
Option 2
Tu ai, like j'ai
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tu | Tu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 ai | compound |
| 2 | ai | ai | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 j'ai | punct |
| 4 | like | like | ADP | _ | 5 j'ai | case |
| 5 | j'ai | j'ai | X | Foreign=Yes | 2 ai | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Tu es, with no t
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tu | Tu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 es | compound |
| 2 | es | e | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 t | punct |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 t | case |
| 5 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 6 t | det |
| 6 | t | t | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 es | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice
Tu et, with no s
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tu | Tu | X | Foreign=Yes | root | root |
| 2 | et | et | X | Foreign=Yes | 1 Tu | flat:foreign |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 s | punct |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 s | case |
| 5 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 6 s | det |
| 6 | s | s | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Tu | conj |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/french/28-etre-to-be/t2/