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Exam question 4 · Weather, storms and the changing climate

It is given that during the passage of a tropical cyclone the wind abruptly abates and the sky clears. Ascertain the most probable explanation.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: wind, sky, tropical cyclone, you · What happens: give, abate, clear, pass, ascertain · To what, where: It, tropical cyclone, probable explanation

This is exam question 4 of lesson 23 «Weather, storms and the changing climate» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that during the passage of a tropical cyclone the wind abruptly abates and the sky clears.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	3 given	obj
5	during	during	ADP	_	7 passage	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 passage	det
7	passage	passage	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 given	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 cyclone	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 cyclone	det
10	tropical	tropical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 cyclone	amod
11	cyclone	cyclone	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 passage	nmod
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 wind	det
13	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 abates	nsubj
14	abruptly	abruptly	ADV	_	15 abates	advmod
15	abates	abate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 cyclone	acl:relcl
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	19 clears	cc
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 sky	det
18	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 clears	nsubj
19	clears	clear	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 abates	conj
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It			during the passage of a tropical cyclone		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient that=Theme
2	abate	present	the wind	a tropical cyclone not said here				abruptly property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent cyclone=Patient
3	clear	present	the sky						vn clear-10.3-1 «NP.Source V»: agent=Source
4	pass		a tropical cyclone						nom passage «act intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the most probable explanation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 explanation	det
3	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	4 probable	advmod
4	probable	probable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 explanation	amod
5	explanation	explanation	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
6	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the probable explanation					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent explanation=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The cyclone has dissipated entirely and the danger is past

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cyclone	det
2	cyclone	cyclone	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 dissipated	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 dissipated	aux
4	dissipated	dissipate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	4 dissipated	advmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 past	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 danger	det
8	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 past	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 past	cop
10	past	past	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 dissipated	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dissipate	present · perfect · passive		the cyclone				entirely property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	is	present	the danger					past property	tree rules

Option 2

The cyclone has reversed its course and departed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cyclone	det
2	cyclone	cyclone	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reversed	nsubj:pass
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reversed	aux
4	reversed	reverse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 course	nmod:poss
6	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reversed	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 departed	cc
8	departed	depart	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reversed	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reverse	present · perfect · passive		the cyclone					tree rules
2	depart	participle							vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The eye is passing, and the opposite eyewall will shortly arrive

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eye	det
2	eye	eye	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 passing	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 passing	aux
4	passing	pass	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 arrive	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 arrive	cc
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 eyewall	det
8	opposite	opposite	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 eyewall	amod
9	eyewall	eyewall	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 arrive	nsubj
10	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 arrive	aux
11	shortly	shortly	ADV	_	12 arrive	advmod
12	arrive	arrive	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 passing	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	pass	present · progressive	the eye						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	arrive	future	the opposite eyewall					shortly property	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

A front of cold air has extinguished the storm

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 front	det
2	front	front	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 extinguished	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 air	case
4	cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 air	amod
5	air	air	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 front	nmod
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 extinguished	aux
7	extinguished	extinguish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 storm	det
9	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 extinguished	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	extinguish	present · perfect · passive		a front of cold air					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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