Exam question 4 · Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes

It is given that the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull occurred in 2010. Ascertain the consequence thereof which is consistent with the established facts.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: eruption, Eyjafjallajökull, you, consequence · What happens: give, occur, erupt, ascertain, be, establish · To what, where: It, 2010, consequence

This is exam question 4 of lesson 47 «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull occurred in 2010.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	9 occurred	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 eruption	det
6	eruption	eruption	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 occurred	nsubj
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 Eyjafjallajökull	case
8	Eyjafjallajökull	Eyjafjallajökull	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 eruption	nmod
9	occurred	occur	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 given	advcl
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 2010	case
11	2010	2010	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	9 occurred	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	occur	past	the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull		2010	vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in 2010=Location
3	erupt		Eyjafjallajökull			nom eruption «event intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the consequence thereof which is consistent with the established facts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 consequence	det
3	consequence	consequence	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	thereof	thereof	ADV	_	7 consistent	advmod
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 consistent	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 consistent	cop
7	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 consequence	acl:relcl
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 facts	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 facts	det
10	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 facts	amod
11	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 consistent	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the consequence		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent consequence=Topic
2	is	present	the consequence		with the established facts; consistent, thereof property	tree rules
3	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The suspension of the majority of flights across Europe for approximately one week

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 suspension	det
2	suspension	suspension	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 majority	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 majority	det
5	majority	majority	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 suspension	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 flights	case
7	flights	flight	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 majority	nmod
8	across	across	ADP	_	9 Europe	case
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 flights	nmod
10	for	for	ADP	_	13 week	case
11	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	12 one	advmod
12	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	13 week	nummod
13	week	week	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 suspension	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

The burial of a Roman town beneath ash

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 burial	det
2	burial	burial	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 town	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 town	det
5	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 town	amod
6	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 burial	nmod
7	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	8 ash	case
8	ash	ash	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 town	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bury			a Roman town beneath ash					nom burial «event transitive»: of=patient

Option 3

The generation of tsunamis killing over thirty-six thousand persons in Indonesia

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 generation	det
2	generation	generation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 tsunamis	case
4	tsunamis	tsunami	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 generation	nmod
5	killing	kill	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 tsunamis	acl
6	over	over	ADP	_	11 persons	case
7	thirty	thirty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	9 six	compound
8	-	-	PUNCT	_	7 thirty	punct
9	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 thousand	compound
10	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	11 persons	nummod
11	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 killing	obl
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 Indonesia	case
13	Indonesia	Indonesia	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 persons	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	kill	gerund	tsunamis not said here					over thousand persons in Indonesia	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer

Option 4

The death of approximately one-fifth of the population of Iceland through famine and disease

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 death	det
2	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 fifth	case
4	approximately	approximately	ADV	_	5 one	advmod
5	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 fifth	nummod
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	5 one	punct
7	fifth	fifth	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 death	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 population	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 population	det
10	population	population	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 fifth	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 Iceland	case
12	Iceland	Iceland	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 population	nmod
13	through	through	ADP	_	14 famine	case
14	famine	famine	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 population	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 disease	cc
16	disease	disease	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 famine	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	die		one fifth of the population of Iceland through famine and disease						nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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