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Test 1 · ★★ · Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes

A cartoon shows the people of Pompeii slowly drowned by a river of lava they could easily outwalk. What's closer to the truth?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cartoon, people · What happens: show, drown, outwalk, be · To what, where: people, lava

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 47 «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A cartoon shows the people of Pompeii slowly drowned by a river of lava they could easily outwalk.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 cartoon	det
2	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 shows	nsubj
3	shows	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 people	det
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 shows	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Pompeii	case
7	Pompeii	Pompeii	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 people	nmod
8	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	9 drowned	advmod
9	drowned	drown	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 shows	advcl
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 river	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 river	det
12	river	river	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 drowned	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 lava	case
14	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 river	nmod
15	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	18 outwalk	nsubj
16	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	18 outwalk	aux
17	easily	easily	ADV	_	18 outwalk	advmod
18	outwalk	outwalk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	14 lava	acl:relcl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 shows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	a cartoon		the people of Pompeii				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent people=Recipient
2	drown	participle	a cartoon not said here					by a river of lava; slowly property	vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	outwalk	could	people	lava not said here				easily property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's closer to the truth?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 closer	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 closer	cop
3	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	6 truth	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 truth	det
6	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 closer	obl
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 closer	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						to the truth; close property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Cold lava froze them in ice

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cold	cold	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 lava	amod
2	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 froze	nsubj
3	froze	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 froze	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 ice	case
6	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 froze	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	past	Cold lava	them = they		ice			vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient they=Result

Option 2

The town was just abandoned with no eruption

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 town	det
2	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 abandoned	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 abandoned	aux:pass
4	just	just	ADV	_	5 abandoned	advmod
5	abandoned	abandon	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 eruption	case
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 eruption	det
8	eruption	eruption	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 abandoned	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	abandon	past · passive		the town				with no eruption	vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial_location»: subject=Source

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

They were all killed by a tsunami from the bay and nothing else

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 killed	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 killed	aux:pass
3	all	all	ADV	_	4 killed	advmod
4	killed	kill	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 tsunami	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 tsunami	det
7	tsunami	tsunami	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 killed	obl
8	from	from	ADP	_	10 bay	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 bay	det
10	bay	bay	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 killed	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 nothing	cc
12	nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	10 bay	conj
13	else	else	ADV	_	12 nothing	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	kill	past · passive	a tsunami	They		the bay		all property	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme from bay=Initial_Location

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Ash fall and fast pyroclastic flows buried the towns

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ash	ash	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	fall	fall	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ash	obj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 buried	cc
4	fast	fast	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 flows	amod
5	pyroclastic	pyroclastic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 flows	amod
6	flows	flow	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 buried	nsubj
7	buried	bury	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Ash	conj
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 towns	det
9	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 buried	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ash	imperative	you not said here	fall					tree rules
2	bury	past	fast pyroclastic flows	the towns					vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent town=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/47-famous-eruptions-and-living-with-volcanoes/t1/