Test 6 · ★★ · Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes

"bloody volcano in iceland and my holiday flight's cancelled, what a joke" Why was it cancelled?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · What happens: cancel, joke · To what, where: holiday flight, bloody volcano

This is test 6 · ★★ of lesson 47 «Famous eruptions and living with volcanoes» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 volcano	punct
2	bloody	bloody	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 volcano	amod
3	volcano	volcano	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 cancelled	nsubj:pass
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 iceland	case
5	iceland	iceland	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 volcano	nmod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 cancelled	cc
7	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 flight	nmod:poss
8	holiday	holiday	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 flight	compound
9	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 cancelled	nsubj:pass
10	's	's	PART	_	9 flight	case
11	cancelled	cancel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 volcano	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 joke	punct
13	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	15 joke	nsubj
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 joke	det
15	joke	joke	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 cancelled	nsubj:pass
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 cancelled	punct
17	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	20 cancelled	advmod
18	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 cancelled	aux:pass
19	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 cancelled	nsubj:pass
20	cancelled	cancel	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	20 cancelled	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	roles by
1	cancel in a quote	participle · passive	my holiday flight	tree rules
2	joke speech: other in a quote			tree rules
3	cancel	past · passive	bloody volcano in iceland	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The planes were needed to rescue people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 planes	det
2	planes	plane	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 needed	nsubj:pass
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 needed	aux:pass
4	needed	need	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 rescue	mark
6	rescue	rescue	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 needed	advcl
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 rescue	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	past · passive		the planes					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme
2	rescue	to-infinitive		people					vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Volcanic ash can wreck jet engines, so flights are grounded

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 ash	amod
2	ash	ash	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 wreck	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 wreck	aux
4	wreck	wreck	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	jet	jet	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 engines	compound
6	engines	engine	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 wreck	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 grounded	punct
8	so	so	ADV	_	11 grounded	advmod
9	flights	flight	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 grounded	nsubj:pass
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 grounded	aux:pass
11	grounded	ground	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 wreck	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wreck	can	Volcanic ash	jet engines					vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent engine=Patient
2	ground	present · passive		flights					vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V ADVP»: subject=Destination

Option 3

The ash made the runways too hot

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 ash	det
2	ash	ash	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 made	nsubj
3	made	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 runways	det
5	runways	runway	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 made	obj
6	too	too	ADV	_	7 hot	advmod
7	hot	hot	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 made	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	past	the ash	the runways				hot property	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset runway=Product

Option 4

Iceland closed all the airports in the world for its own safety

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Iceland	Iceland	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 closed	nsubj
2	closed	close	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 airports	det:predet
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 airports	det
5	airports	airport	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 closed	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 world	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 world	det
8	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 closed	obl
9	for	for	ADP	_	12 safety	case
10	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 safety	nmod:poss
11	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 safety	amod
12	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 closed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	close	past	Iceland	all airports				for world's own safety; in the world	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent airport=Patient in world=Topic

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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