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Test 8 · ★ · Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

Rock layers in a cliff are bent into a big arch. What most likely did that?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · What happens: bend, do · To what, where: Rock layers, big arch, that

This is test 8 · ★ of lesson 49 «Sedimentary and metamorphic rocks» of the geography course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Rock layers in a cliff are bent into a big arch.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rock	rock	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 layers	compound
2	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 bent	nsubj:pass
3	in	in	ADP	_	5 cliff	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 cliff	det
5	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 layers	nmod
6	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 bent	aux:pass
7	bent	bend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	into	into	ADP	_	11 arch	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 arch	det
10	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 arch	amod
11	arch	arch	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 bent	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 bent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bend	present · passive		Rock layers in a cliff		a big arch			vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into arch=Product

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What most likely did that?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 did	obj
2	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	3 likely	advmod
3	likely	likely	ADV	_	4 did	advmod
4	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	4 did	obj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 did	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past		that				likely property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Plates colliding and squeezing the layers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Plates	plate	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	colliding	collide	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Plates	acl
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 squeezing	cc
4	squeezing	squeeze	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	2 colliding	conj
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 layers	det
6	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 squeezing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	collide	gerund	Plates not said here						vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme
2	squeeze	gerund	Plates not said here	the layers					vn push-12-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent layer=Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Waves bending them last winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	bending	bend	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Waves	acl
3	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 bending	obj
4	last	last	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 winter	amod
5	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bending	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bend	gerund	Waves not said here	Waves = wave			winter		vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent they=Material

Option 3

Rain falling on the layers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
2	falling	fall	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	1 Rain	acl
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 layers	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 layers	det
5	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 falling	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fall	gerund	Rain not said here			the layers			vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on layer=Location

Option 4

The layers were laid down curved by wind

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 layers	det
2	layers	layer	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 laid	nsubj
3	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 laid	aux:pass
4	laid	lay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	down	down	ADP	_	4 laid	compound:prt
6	curved	curve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 laid	conj
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 wind	case
8	wind	wind	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 curved	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lay down	past · passive		the layers					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2	curve	participle						by wind	vn knead-26.5 «NP.material V PP.product»: agent=Material

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/geography/49-sedimentary-and-metamorphic-rocks/t8/