Exam question 2 · Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the Roman Republic?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: Roman Republic
This is exam question 2 of lesson 13 «Rome: from a town on seven hills to a republic» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 statements | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 statements | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 statements | amod |
| 5 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 characterises | obl |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 accurately | advmod |
| 7 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 8 characterises | advmod |
| 8 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 Republic | det |
| 10 | Roman | Roman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Republic | compound |
| 11 | Republic | Republic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 characterises | obj |
| 12 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | the Roman Republic | of the following statements; accurately property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
Citizens elected magistrates for terms of one year, two consuls sharing the highest office
The tree, 14 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Citizens | citizen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 elected | nsubj |
| 2 | elected | elect | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | magistrates | magistrate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 elected | obj |
| 4 | for | for | ADP | _ | 5 terms | case |
| 5 | terms | term | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 elected | obl |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 year | case |
| 7 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 year | nummod |
| 8 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 terms | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 consuls | punct |
| 10 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 11 consuls | nummod |
| 11 | consuls | consul | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 terms | conj |
| 12 | sharing | share | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 consuls | acl |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 office | det |
| 14 | highest | high | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 15 office | amod |
| 15 | office | office | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 sharing | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | elect | past | Citizens | magistrates | for terms of one year and two consuls | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent magistrate=Theme | |||
| 2 | share | gerund | two consuls not said here | the highest office | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | term | one year | nom term «communication transitive»: of=patient |
Option 2
The army appointed a dictator each decade
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 army | det |
| 2 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 appointed | nsubj |
| 3 | appointed | appoint | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 dictator | det |
| 5 | dictator | dictator | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 appointed | obj |
| 6 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 decade | det |
| 7 | decade | decade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 appointed | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appoint | past | the army | a dictator | decade | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dictator=Theme |
Option 3
The Senate was elected by all women
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Senate | det |
| 2 | Senate | Senate | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 elected | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 elected | aux:pass |
| 4 | elected | elect | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 women | case |
| 6 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 women | det |
| 7 | women | woman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 elected | obl:agent |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | elect | past · passive | all women | the Senate | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
Option 4
A single hereditary king governed for life, advised by his sons and the priests of Jupiter
The tree, 16 words
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 king | det |
| 2 | single | single | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 king | amod |
| 3 | hereditary | hereditary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 king | amod |
| 4 | king | king | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | governed | govern | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 king | acl |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 7 life | case |
| 7 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 governed | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 advised | punct |
| 9 | advised | advise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 king | parataxis |
| 10 | by | by | ADP | _ | 12 sons | case |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 sons | nmod:poss |
| 12 | sons | son | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 advised | obl |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 priests | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 priests | det |
| 15 | priests | priest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 sons | conj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 Jupiter | case |
| 17 | Jupiter | Jupiter | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 priests | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | govern | participle | a single hereditary king not said here | for life | vn supervision-95.2.2 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | advise speech: other | participle | by king's sons and the priests of Jupiter | vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/13-rome-from-seven-hills-to-a-republic/e2/