Test 3 · Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus

Danylo reckons Ukrainians built the biggest towns on Earth 6,000 years ago. What's true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Danylo, Ukrainians · What happens: reckon, build, be · To what, where: biggest towns, Earth

This is test 3 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Danylo reckons Ukrainians built the biggest towns on Earth 6,000 years ago.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 reckons	nsubj
2	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Ukrainians	Ukrainian	PROPN	Number=Plur	4 built	nsubj
4	built	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 reckons	ccomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 towns	det
6	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 towns	amod
7	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 built	obj
8	on	on	ADP	_	9 Earth	case
9	Earth	Earth	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 built	obl
10	6,000	6000	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	11 years	nummod
11	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 ago	obl:unmarked
12	ago	ago	ADV	_	4 built	advmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reckon	present	Danylo						vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	build	past	Ukrainians	the biggest towns		Earth		ago property	vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent town=Theme on earth=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

He's right, they were Ukrainians who spoke Ukrainian and built bigger towns than Egypt ever had

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 spoke	punct
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 Ukrainians	nsubj
6	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 Ukrainians	cop
7	Ukrainians	Ukrainian	PROPN	Number=Plur	9 spoke	nsubj
8	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 spoke	nsubj
9	spoke	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 right	parataxis
10	Ukrainian	Ukrainian	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 spoke	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 built	cc
12	built	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 spoke	conj
13	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 towns	amod
14	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 had	nsubj
15	than	than	ADP	_	16 Egypt	case
16	Egypt	Egypt	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 towns	nmod
17	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	18 had	advmod
18	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 built	ccomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He			right property	tree rules
2	is a	past	they	Ukrainians			tree rules
3	speak speech: other	past	Ukrainians	Ukrainian			tree rules
4	build	past	Ukrainians not said here				tree rules
5	have	past	bigger towns than Egypt		ever		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They were Roman towns

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 towns	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 towns	cop
3	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 towns	amod
4	towns	town	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	They	Roman towns					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Trypillia farmers built some of Europe's biggest settlements, but nobody knows their language

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Trypillia	Trypillia	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 farmers	compound
2	farmers	farmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 built	nsubj
3	built	build	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	3 built	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	9 settlements	case
6	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 settlements	nmod:poss
7	's	's	PART	_	6 Europe	case
8	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	9 settlements	amod
9	settlements	settlement	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 some	nmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 knows	punct
11	but	but	CCONJ	_	13 knows	cc
12	nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	13 knows	nsubj
13	knows	know	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 built	conj
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 language	nmod:poss
15	language	language	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 knows	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past	Trypillia farmers	some					vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Product
2	know	present	nobody	farmers's language					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer language=Stimulus

Option 4

Nothing was built there before 1900

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 built	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 built	aux:pass
3	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	3 built	advmod
5	before	before	ADP	_	6 1900	case
6	1900	1900	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 built	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	past · passive		Nothing		there	before 1900		vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/t3/