Test 4 · Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus

The teacher says Kyivan Rus was «the first Russian state» and Danylo says «it was Ukraine, Russia stole the name». What do historians say now?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: teacher, Kyivan, Danylo, Russia, historians · What happens: say, be, steal · To what, where: first Russian state, Ukraine, name · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 4 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: The teacher says Kyivan Rus was «the first Russian state» and Danylo says «it was Ukraine, Russia stole the name».

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 teacher	det
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Kyivan	Kyivan	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 state	nsubj
5	Rus	Rus	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 Kyivan	flat
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	11 state	cop
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	11 state	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 state	det
9	first	first	ADJ	Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord	11 state	amod
10	Russian	Russian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 state	amod
11	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	ccomp
12	»	»	PUNCT	_	11 state	punct
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 says	cc
14	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 says	nsubj
15	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	conj
16	«	«	PUNCT	_	19 Ukraine	punct
17	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 Ukraine	nsubj
18	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 Ukraine	cop
19	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 says	ccomp
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 stole	punct
21	Russia	Russia	PROPN	Number=Sing	22 stole	nsubj
22	stole	steal	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	19 Ukraine	acl:relcl
23	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	24 name	det
24	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	22 stole	obj
25	»	»	PUNCT	_	22 stole	punct
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	the teacher		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is a in a quote	past	Kyivan	the first Russian state	tree rules
3	say speech: assert	present	Danylo		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
4	is a in a quote	past	teacher	Ukraine	tree rules
5	steal in a quote	past	Russia	the name	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location name=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What do historians say now?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 say	obj
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 say	aux
3	historians	historian	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 say	nsubj
4	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	4 say	advmod
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present · do-support	historians				now		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

It was the shared ancestor of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, with its capital in Kyiv

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 ancestor	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 ancestor	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ancestor	det
4	shared	share	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 ancestor	amod
5	ancestor	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Ukraine	case
7	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 ancestor	nmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 Belarus	punct
9	Belarus	Belarus	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Ukraine	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 Russia	cc
11	Russia	Russia	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 Ukraine	conj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 capital	punct
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 capital	case
14	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 capital	nmod:poss
15	capital	capital	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ancestor	parataxis
16	in	in	ADP	_	17 Kyiv	case
17	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 capital	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	share	participle							tree rules
2	is a	past	It	the shared ancestor				of Ukraine and Belarus and Russia	tree rules

Option 2

It was only Russian

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 Russian	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 Russian	cop
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 Russian	advmod
4	Russian	Russian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	It					russian property	tree rules

Option 3

It never existed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 existed	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 existed	advmod
3	existed	exist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not exist	past	It						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

It was only Ukrainian, and Russia took its name and history much later by stealing them

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 Ukrainian	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 Ukrainian	cop
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 Ukrainian	advmod
4	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 took	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 took	cc
7	Russia	Russia	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 took	nsubj
8	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 Ukrainian	conj
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 name	nmod:poss
10	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 took	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 history	cc
12	history	history	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 name	conj
13	much	much	ADV	_	14 later	advmod
14	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	8 took	advmod
15	by	by	SCONJ	_	16 stealing	mark
16	stealing	steal	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 took	advcl
17	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 stealing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	is	past	It		ukrainian property	tree rules
2	take	past	Russia	its name and history	late property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Theme
3	steal	gerund	Russia not said here	name		vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme
4	name		its = it			nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/t4/