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Test 5 · Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus

Danylo says Vikings never ruled Kyiv, it's a German lie. What's the fix?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Danylo, Vikings, it, fix · What happens: say, not rule, be · To what, where: Kyiv, German lie · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 of lesson 41 «Kyiv's beginnings and Kyivan Rus» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Danylo says Vikings never ruled Kyiv, it's a German lie.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	Number=Plur	5 ruled	nsubj
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 ruled	advmod
5	ruled	rule	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
6	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 ruled	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 lie	punct
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 lie	nsubj
9	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 lie	cop
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 lie	det
11	German	German	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 lie	amod
12	lie	lie	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 ruled	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Danylo						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	not rule	past	Vikings	Kyiv					vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent kyiv=Result
3	is a	present	it	a German lie					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the fix?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fix	det
4	fix	fix	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the fix						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The Vikings ruled Kyiv until 1991

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 Vikings	det
2	Vikings	Viking	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 ruled	nsubj
3	ruled	rule	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 ruled	obj
5	until	until	ADP	_	6 1991	case
6	1991	1991	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 ruled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rule	past	the Vikings	Kyiv			until 1991		vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent kyiv=Result

Option 2

Kyiv was a Viking colony where everyone spoke Swedish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Kyiv	Kyiv	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 colony	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 colony	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 colony	det
4	Viking	viking	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 colony	compound
5	colony	colony	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	where	where	ADV	PronType=Rel	8 spoke	advmod
7	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	8 spoke	nsubj
8	spoke	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 colony	acl:relcl
9	Swedish	Swedish	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 spoke	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	past	Kyiv	a Viking colony					tree rules
2	speak speech: other	past	everyone	Swedish					tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The chronicle and Norse names show a Viking-born dynasty, but the people and culture were mostly Slavic

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 chronicle	det
2	chronicle	chronicle	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 show	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 names	cc
4	Norse	norse	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 names	amod
5	names	name	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 chronicle	conj
6	show	show	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 dynasty	det
8	Viking	Viking	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 born	compound
9	-	-	PUNCT	_	8 Viking	punct
10	born	bear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	11 dynasty	amod
11	dynasty	dynasty	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 show	obj
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 Slavic	punct
13	but	but	CCONJ	_	20 Slavic	cc
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 people	det
15	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 Slavic	nsubj
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 culture	cc
17	culture	culture	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 people	conj
18	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 Slavic	cop
19	mostly	mostly	ADV	_	20 Slavic	advmod
20	Slavic	slavic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 show	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	show	present	the chronicle and Norse names	a born dynasty					vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent dynasty=Recipient
2	bear	participle							vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer
3	is	past	the people and culture					mostly, slavic property	tree rules

Option 4

He's right, there were no Scandinavians in Rus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 were	punct
5	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	6 were	expl
6	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 Scandinavians	cop
7	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	8 Scandinavians	det
8	Scandinavians	Scandinavian	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 right	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 Rus	case
10	Rus	Rus	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Scandinavians	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	He					right property	tree rules
2	is a	past		no Scandinavians		Rus			tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/41-kyivs-beginnings-and-kyivan-rus/t5/