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Test 11 · Two empires and Shevchenko

Danylo thinks Donbas was always farmland; the teacher didn't know about the Welsh link. What's the lesson?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Danylo, Donbas, teacher, lesson · What happens: think, be, not know · To what, where: farmland · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 of lesson 45 «Two empires and Shevchenko» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Danylo thinks Donbas was always farmland; the teacher didn't know about the Welsh link.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 thinks	nsubj
2	thinks	think	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Donbas	Donbas	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 farmland	nsubj
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 farmland	cop
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 farmland	advmod
6	farmland	farmland	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 thinks	ccomp
7	;	;	PUNCT	_	12 know	punct
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 teacher	det
9	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 know	nsubj
10	did	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 know	aux
11	n't	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 know	advmod
12	know	know	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 thinks	conj
13	about	about	ADP	_	16 link	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 link	det
15	Welsh	welsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 link	amod
16	link	link	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 know	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 thinks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	think speech: other	present	Danylo						vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is a	past	Donbas	farmland				always property	tree rules
3	not know	past · do-support	the teacher					about the Welsh link	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about link=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the lesson?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 lesson	det
4	lesson	lesson	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the lesson						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Donbas never had any coal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Donbas	Donbas	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 had	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 had	advmod
3	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 coal	det
5	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 had	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not have	past	Donbas	any coal					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coal=Patient

Option 2

Donbas is really in Wales, and the Welsh miners named it after their own valley there

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Donbas	Donbas	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Wales	compound
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 Wales	cop
3	really	really	ADV	_	5 Wales	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 Wales	case
5	Wales	Wales	PROPN	Number=Sing	11 named	nsubj:pass
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 named	punct
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 named	cc
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 miners	det
9	Welsh	welsh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 miners	amod
10	miners	miner	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 named	nsubj
11	named	name	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 named	obj
13	after	after	ADP	_	16 valley	case
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 valley	nmod:poss
15	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 valley	amod
16	valley	valley	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 named	obl
17	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	16 valley	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present				Donbas Wales			tree rules
2	name	past · passive		Donbas Wales			after miners's own valley		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP NP»: subject=Theme it=Attribute

Option 3

Nobody ever learns anything

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 learns	nsubj
2	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	3 learns	advmod
3	learns	learn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	anything	anything	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	3 learns	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	learn	present	Nobody	anything			ever		vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anything=Topic

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Both swapped facts: coal and steel grew there, and a Welshman founded Donetsk

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Both	both	CCONJ	_	2 swapped	cc:preconj
2	swapped	swap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 swapped	obj
4	:	:	PUNCT	_	5 coal	punct
5	coal	coal	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 grew	nsubj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 steel	cc
7	steel	steel	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 coal	conj
8	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 facts	acl:relcl
9	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	8 grew	advmod
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 founded	punct
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 founded	cc
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 Welshman	det
13	Welshman	Welshman	PROPN	Number=Sing	14 founded	nsubj
14	founded	found	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 swapped	conj
15	Donetsk	Donetsk	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 swapped	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swap	past		facts				Donetsk obl	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fact=Theme
2	grow	past	coal and steel	facts not said here		there			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location fact=Theme
3	found	past	a Welshman						vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/t11/