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Test 8 · Two empires and Shevchenko

Danylo says Odesa's been Ukrainian since forever. What's the fix?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Danylo, fix · What happens: say, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 of lesson 45 «Two empires and Shevchenko» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Danylo says Odesa's been Ukrainian since forever.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Danylo	Danylo	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	Odesa	Odesa	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 Ukrainian	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 Odesa	case
5	been	be	AUX	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 Ukrainian	cop
6	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 says	ccomp
7	since	since	ADP	_	8 forever	case
8	forever	forever	ADV	_	6 Ukrainian	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Danylo						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
2	is	participle						ukrainian property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the fix?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 fix	det
4	fix	fix	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the fix						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It was founded in 1991

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 founded	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 founded	aux:pass
3	founded	found	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	5 1991	case
5	1991	1991	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 founded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	found	past · passive		It		1991			vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 2

It was founded by Kyi in 482

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 founded	nsubj:pass
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 founded	aux:pass
3	founded	found	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 Kyi	case
5	Kyi	Kyi	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 founded	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 482	case
7	482	482	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	3 founded	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	found	past · passive	Kyi	It		482			vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 3

It was always Greek

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 Greek	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 Greek	cop
3	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	4 Greek	advmod
4	Greek	Greek	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	It					always, greek property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is a young, mixed port founded in 1794, now part of Ukraine

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 port	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 port	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 port	det
4	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 port	amod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 young	punct
6	mixed	mix	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 port	amod
7	port	port	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
8	founded	found	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 port	acl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 1794	case
10	1794	1794	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 founded	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 part	punct
12	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	13 part	advmod
13	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 port	parataxis
14	of	of	ADP	_	15 Ukraine	case
15	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 part	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mix	participle							vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient
2	is a	present	It	a young mixed port					tree rules
3	found	participle		a young mixed port not said here		1794			vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/45-two-empires-and-shevchenko/t8/