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Test 10 · ★★ · Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies

Josh asks why Washington would give up power. What would happen if leaders never did?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Josh, Washington, leaders · What happens: ask, give up, happen, not do · To what, where: power · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 67 «Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Josh asks why Washington would give up power.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Josh	Josh	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 asks	nsubj
2	asks	ask	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	6 give	advmod
4	Washington	Washington	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 give	nsubj
5	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 give	aux
6	give	give	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 asks	ccomp
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 give	compound:prt
8	power	power	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 give	obj
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 asks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ask speech: ask	present	Josh						vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	give up	would	Washington	power					vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent power=Source

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would happen if leaders never did?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	7 did	mark
5	leaders	leader	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 did	nsubj
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	7 did	advmod
7	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	advcl
8	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	would							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	not do a condition, not said to happen	past	leaders						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Leaders would get younger every year

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leaders	leader	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 get	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 get	aux
3	get	get	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	younger	young	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 get	xcomp
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 year	det
6	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 get	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	get	would	Leaders				year	young property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Option 2

Nothing would ever change, and that's fine

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	4 change	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 change	aux
3	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	4 change	advmod
4	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 fine	punct
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 fine	cc
7	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	9 fine	nsubj
8	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 fine	cop
9	fine	fine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 change	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	would	Nothing				ever		vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	that					fine property	tree rules

Option 3

Elections would be easier and quicker

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Elections	election	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 easier	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 easier	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 easier	cop
4	easier	easy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
5	and	and	CCONJ	_	6 quicker	cc
6	quicker	quick	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 easier	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	would	Elections					easy property	tree rules
2	be		Elections not said here						tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Changing leaders would often need violence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Changing	change	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 need	csubj
2	leaders	leader	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Changing	obj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 need	aux
4	often	often	ADV	_	5 need	advmod
5	need	need	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	violence	violence	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 need	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	gerund		leaders					vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leader=Patient
2	need	would	Changing	violence				often property	vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot violence=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/t10/