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Test 9 · ★★ · Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies

Ethan says the US has the oldest constitution, no cap? What is fair?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Ethan, US · What happens: say, have, be · To what, where: oldest constitution · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★★ of lesson 67 «Who decides: kings, councils, republics and democracies» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Ethan says the US has the oldest constitution, no cap?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ethan	Ethan	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 US	det
4	US	US	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 has	nsubj
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 constitution	det
7	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	8 constitution	amod
8	constitution	constitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 cap	punct
10	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	11 cap	det
11	cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 constitution	appos
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Ethan						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	have	present	the US	the oldest constitution					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent constitution=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is fair?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 fair	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fair	cop
3	fair	fair	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 fair	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						fair property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Cap, it was written in 2010

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 written	nsubj:pass
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Cap	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 written	nsubj:pass
4	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 written	aux:pass
5	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 2010	case
7	2010	2010	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 written	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	past · passive		Cap		2010			vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in 2010=Destination

Option 2

Cap, the US has no constitution

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Cap	punct
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 US	det
4	US	US	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 has	nsubj
5	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 constitution	det
7	constitution	constitution	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Cap	no constitution					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent constitution=Patient

Option 3

No cap, it is older than Hammurabi

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 cap	det
2	cap	cap	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 older	nsubj
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 cap	punct
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 older	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 older	cop
6	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
7	than	than	ADP	_	8 Hammurabi	case
8	Hammurabi	Hammurabi	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 older	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	no cap					than Hammurabi; old property	tree rules

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Oldest written national one in use, but San Marino's laws are older

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 one	amod
2	written	write	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 one	amod
3	national	national	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 one	amod
4	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 use	case
6	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 one	nmod
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 older	punct
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	14 older	cc
9	San	San	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 laws	nmod:poss
10	Marino	Marino	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 San	flat
11	's	's	PART	_	9 San	case
12	laws	law	NOUN	Number=Plur	14 older	nsubj
13	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 older	cop
14	older	old	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 one	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	write	participle							vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	is	present	San's laws					old property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/67-who-decides-kings-councils-republics-and-democracies/t9/