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Test 7 · Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes

Charlie reads that spices hid rotten meat. What would his mum say?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: Charlie, spices, mum · What happens: read, hide, say · To what, where: rotten meat · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 of lesson 70 «Trade: why people swap, and the great trade routes» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Charlie reads that spices hid rotten meat.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Charlie	Charlie	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 reads	nsubj
2	reads	read	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	that	that	SCONJ	_	5 hid	mark
4	spices	spice	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 hid	nsubj
5	hid	hide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 reads	ccomp
6	rotten	rotten	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 meat	amod
7	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 hid	obj
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 reads	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	read	present	Charlie						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	hide	past	spices	rotten meat					vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What would his mum say?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	5 say	obj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 say	aux
3	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 mum	nmod:poss
4	mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 say	nsubj
5	say	say	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 say	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	would	Charlie's mum						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent what=Topic

The options

Option 1

Meat never went off in the past, so it's a myth

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 went	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 went	advmod
3	went	go	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	off	off	ADP	_	3 went	compound:prt
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 past	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 past	det
7	past	past	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 went	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 myth	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	13 myth	advmod
10	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 myth	expl
11	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 myth	cop
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 myth	det
13	myth	myth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 went	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not go off	past	Meat			the past			vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in past=Location
2	is a	present		a myth					tree rules

Option 2

Yes, spices made rotten meat totally safe and tasty to eat

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	3 spices	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	spices	spice	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 spices	acl
5	rotten	rotten	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 meat	amod
6	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 made	obj
7	totally	totally	ADV	_	8 safe	advmod
8	safe	safe	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 meat	amod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 tasty	cc
10	tasty	tasty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 safe	conj
11	to	to	PART	_	12 eat	mark
12	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 tasty	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	participle	spices not said here	rotten meat					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset meat=Product
2	eat	to-infinitive	rotten meat not said here						vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Spices were only for medicine, never for cooking

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Spices	spice	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 medicine	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 medicine	cop
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 medicine	advmod
4	for	for	ADP	_	5 medicine	case
5	medicine	medicine	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 cooking	punct
7	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	9 cooking	advmod
8	for	for	ADP	_	9 cooking	case
9	cooking	cooking	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 medicine	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Spices					for medicine and cooking	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

People who could buy spices could buy fresh meat too

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 buy	nsubj
2	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	4 buy	nsubj
3	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 buy	aux
4	buy	buy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 People	acl:relcl
5	spices	spice	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 buy	obj
6	could	could	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 buy	aux
7	buy	buy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
8	fresh	fresh	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 meat	amod
9	meat	meat	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 buy	obj
10	too	too	ADV	_	7 buy	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	buy	could	People	spices					vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spice=Theme
2	buy	could	People	fresh meat					vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent meat=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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