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Test 1 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them…

Jaden: "Villages were chill tho, why'd anyone move to a stinky city?" ("Chill" means relaxed.) Best answer?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Jaden, anyone, Chill · What happens: be, move, mean · To what, where: stinky city

This is test 1 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Jaden: "Villages were chill tho, why'd anyone move to a stinky city?"

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Jaden	Jaden	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 chill	nsubj
2	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 chill	punct
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 chill	punct
4	Villages	village	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 chill	nsubj
5	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 chill	cop
6	chill	chill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
7	tho	tho	ADV	_	6 chill	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 move	punct
9	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	12 move	advmod
10	'd	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 move	aux
11	anyone	anyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Ind	12 move	nsubj
12	move	move	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 chill	conj
13	to	to	ADP	_	16 city	case
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	16 city	det
15	stinky	stinky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	16 city	amod
16	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 move	obl
17	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 chill	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	6 chill	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	past	Jaden					chill, tho property	tree rules
2	move in a quote	would	anyone			a stinky city			vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to city=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: ("Chill" means relaxed.)

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 Chill	punct
3	Chill	chill	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 means	nsubj
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	3 Chill	punct
5	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	relaxed	relaxed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 means	xcomp
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct
8	)	)	PUNCT	_	5 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present	Chill					relaxed property	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Sentence 3: Best answer?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 answer	amod
2	answer	answer	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 answer	punct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1

Nobody moved; cities just filled up with tourists

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	2 moved	nsubj
2	moved	move	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	;	;	PUNCT	_	6 filled	punct
4	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 filled	nsubj
5	just	just	ADV	_	6 filled	advmod
6	filled	fill	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 moved	conj
7	up	up	ADP	_	6 filled	compound:prt
8	with	with	ADP	_	9 tourists	case
9	tourists	tourist	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 filled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	past	Nobody						vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2	fill up	past	cities					with tourists	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with tourist=Instrument

Option 2

People were not allowed to leave their villages

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	People	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 allowed	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 allowed	aux:pass
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 allowed	advmod
4	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 leave	mark
6	leave	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 allowed	xcomp
7	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 villages	nmod:poss
8	villages	village	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 leave	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not allow	past · passive		People					vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2	leave not said to happen	to-infinitive	People not said here	People's villages					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent village=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Cities were cleaner and healthier than villages, so people lived longer there

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cleaner	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 cleaner	cop
3	cleaner	clean	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 healthier	cc
5	healthier	healthy	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 cleaner	conj
6	than	than	ADP	_	7 villages	case
7	villages	village	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 cleaner	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 lived	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	11 lived	advmod
10	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 lived	nsubj
11	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 cleaner	conj
12	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	13 there	advmod
13	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	11 lived	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Cities					than villages; clean property	tree rules
2	be		Cities not said here						tree rules
3	live	past	people			there			vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Cities had jobs, markets, temples and safety that villages lacked

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	nsubj
2	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	jobs	job	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 had	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	5 markets	punct
5	markets	market	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 jobs	conj
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 temples	punct
7	temples	temple	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 jobs	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 safety	cc
9	safety	safety	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 temples	conj
10	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 lacked	obj
11	villages	village	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 lacked	nsubj
12	lacked	lack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 temples	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	past	Cities	jobs and markets and temples and safety					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Patient
2	lack	past	villages	temples and safety					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/t1/