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Test 1 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them…

Jaden: "Villages were chill tho, why'd anyone move to a stinky city?" ("Chill" means relaxed.) Best answer?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Jaden, anyone, Chill · What happens: be, move, mean · To what, where: stinky city

This is test 1 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Jaden: "Villages were chill tho, why'd anyone move to a stinky city?"

nsubjpunctpunctnsubjcopadvmodpunctadvmodauxnsubjconjcasedetamodoblpunctpunctrootJadenPROPN:PUNCT"PUNCTVillagesNOUNwereAUXchillADJthoADV,PUNCTwhyADV'dAUXanyonePRONmoveVERBtoADPaDETstinkyADJcityNOUN?PUNCT"PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1JadenJadenPROPNNumber=Sing6 chillnsubj
2::PUNCT_6 chillpunct
3""PUNCT_6 chillpunct
4VillagesvillageNOUNNumber=Plur6 chillnsubj
5werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin6 chillcop
6chillchillADJDegree=Posrootroot
7thothoADV_6 chilladvmod
8,,PUNCT_12 movepunct
9whywhyADVPronType=Int12 moveadvmod
10'dwouldAUXVerbForm=Fin12 moveaux
11anyoneanyonePRONNumber=Sing PronType=Ind12 movensubj
12movemoveVERBVerbForm=Inf6 chillconj
13totoADP_16 citycase
14aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art16 citydet
15stinkystinkyADJDegree=Pos16 cityamod
16citycityNOUNNumber=Sing12 moveobl
17??PUNCT_6 chillpunct
18""PUNCT_6 chillpunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1is in a quotepastJadenchill, tho propertytree rules
2move in a quotewouldanyonea stinky cityvn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to city=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: ("Chill" means relaxed.)

punctpunctnsubjpunctxcomppunctpunctroot(PUNCT"PUNCTChillNOUN"PUNCTmeansVERBrelaxedADJ.PUNCT)PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1((PUNCT_5 meanspunct
2""PUNCT_3 Chillpunct
3ChillchillNOUNNumber=Sing5 meansnsubj
4""PUNCT_3 Chillpunct
5meansmeanVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Finrootroot
6relaxedrelaxedADJDegree=Pos5 meansxcomp
7..PUNCT_5 meanspunct
8))PUNCT_5 meanspunct
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1meanpresentChillrelaxed propertyvn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Sentence 3: Best answer?

amodpunctrootBestADJanswerNOUN?PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1BestgoodADJDegree=Sup2 answeramod
2answeranswerNOUNNumber=Singrootroot
3??PUNCT_2 answerpunct

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

The options

Option 1

Nobody moved; cities just filled up with tourists

nsubjpunctnsubjadvmodconjcompound:prtcaseoblrootNobodyPRONmovedVERB;PUNCTcitiesNOUNjustADVfilledVERBupADPwithADPtouristsNOUN
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1NobodynobodyPRONNumber=Sing PronType=Neg2 movednsubj
2movedmoveVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
3;;PUNCT_6 filledpunct
4citiescityNOUNNumber=Plur6 fillednsubj
5justjustADV_6 filledadvmod
6filledfillVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin2 movedconj
7upupADP_6 filledcompound:prt
8withwithADP_9 touristscase
9touriststouristNOUNNumber=Plur6 filledobl
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1movepastNobodyvn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
2fill uppastcitieswith touristsvn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with tourist=Instrument

Option 2

People were not allowed to leave their villages

nsubj:passaux:passadvmodmarkxcompnmod:possobjrootPeopleNOUNwereAUXnotPARTallowedVERBtoPARTleaveVERBtheirPRONvillagesNOUN
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1PeoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur4 allowednsubj:pass
2werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin4 allowedaux:pass
3notnotPARTPolarity=Neg4 allowedadvmod
4allowedallowVERBTense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Passrootroot
5totoPART_6 leavemark
6leaveleaveVERBVerbForm=Inf4 allowedxcomp
7theirtheirPRONCase=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs8 villagesnmod:poss
8villagesvillageNOUNNumber=Plur6 leaveobj
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1not allowpast · passivePeoplevn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2leave not said to happento-infinitivePeople not said herePeople's villagesvn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent village=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

Cities were cleaner and healthier than villages, so people lived longer there

nsubjcopccconjcaseoblpunctadvmodnsubjconjadvmodadvmodrootCitiesNOUNwereAUXcleanerADJandCCONJhealthierADJthanADPvillagesNOUN,PUNCTsoADVpeopleNOUNlivedVERBlongerADVthereADV
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1CitiescityNOUNNumber=Plur3 cleanernsubj
2werebeAUXMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 cleanercop
3cleanercleanADJDegree=Cmprootroot
4andandCCONJ_5 healthiercc
5healthierhealthyADJDegree=Cmp3 cleanerconj
6thanthanADP_7 villagescase
7villagesvillageNOUNNumber=Plur3 cleanerobl
8,,PUNCT_11 livedpunct
9sosoADV_11 livedadvmod
10peoplepeopleNOUNNumber=Plur11 livednsubj
11livedliveVERBMood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 cleanerconj
12longerlongADVDegree=Cmp13 thereadvmod
13therethereADVPronType=Dem11 livedadvmod
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1ispastCitiesthan villages; clean propertytree rules
2beCities not said heretree rules
3livepastpeopletherevn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Cities had jobs, markets, temples and safety that villages lacked

nsubjobjpunctconjpunctconjccconjobjnsubjacl:relclrootCitiesNOUNhadVERBjobsNOUN,PUNCTmarketsNOUN,PUNCTtemplesNOUNandCCONJsafetyNOUNthatPRONvillagesNOUNlackedVERB
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1CitiescityNOUNNumber=Plur2 hadnsubj
2hadhaveVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
3jobsjobNOUNNumber=Plur2 hadobj
4,,PUNCT_5 marketspunct
5marketsmarketNOUNNumber=Plur3 jobsconj
6,,PUNCT_7 templespunct
7templestempleNOUNNumber=Plur3 jobsconj
8andandCCONJ_9 safetycc
9safetysafetyNOUNNumber=Sing7 templesconj
10thatthatPRONPronType=Rel12 lackedobj
11villagesvillageNOUNNumber=Plur12 lackednsubj
12lackedlackVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin7 templesacl:relcl
#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1havepastCitiesjobs and markets and temples and safetyvn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Patient
2lackpastvillagestemples and safetytree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/t1/