Test 2 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them…

Aroha's Kiwi dad: "Yeah nah, most folks in cities is pretty recent, eh." ("Yeah nah" means no.) Is he right?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Kiwi dad, Aroha · What happens: be, mean · To what, where: no. · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Aroha's Kiwi dad: "Yeah nah, most folks in cities is pretty recent, eh."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Aroha	Aroha	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 dad	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Aroha	case
3	Kiwi	Kiwi	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 dad	compound
4	dad	dad	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 recent	nsubj
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	11 folks	punct
6	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 nah	punct
7	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	_	8 nah	discourse
8	nah	nah	INTJ	_	11 folks	discourse
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 nah	punct
10	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	11 folks	amod
11	folks	folk	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 dad	nmod
12	in	in	ADP	_	13 cities	case
13	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 folks	nmod
14	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 recent	cop
15	pretty	pretty	ADV	_	16 recent	advmod
16	recent	recent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 eh	punct
18	eh	eh	INTJ	_	16 recent	discourse
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	16 recent	punct
20	"	"	PUNCT	_	16 recent	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	Aroha's Kiwi dad most folks in cities					pretty, recent property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: ("Yeah nah" means no.) Is he right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	(	(	PUNCT	_	6 means	punct
2	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 nah	punct
3	Yeah	yeah	INTJ	_	4 nah	discourse
4	nah	nah	INTJ	_	6 means	discourse
5	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 nah	punct
6	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	no.	no.	NOUN	Abbr=Yes Number=Sing	6 means	obj
8	)	)	PUNCT	_	6 means	punct
9	Is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 right	cop
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 right	nsubj
11	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 means	ccomp
12	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 means	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	mean	present		no.					vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent no.=Topic
2	is	present	Aroha					right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Nah, most people already lived in cities back in the Stone Age

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nah	nah	INTJ	_	6 lived	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nah	punct
3	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 people	amod
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lived	nsubj
5	already	already	ADV	_	6 lived	advmod
6	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 cities	case
8	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 lived	obl
9	back	back	ADV	_	6 lived	advmod
10	in	in	ADP	_	13 Age	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 Age	det
12	Stone	Stone	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 Age	compound
13	Age	Age	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 lived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live back	past	most people			cities	in the Stone Age		vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in city=Location

Option 2

No, most people still live on farms even today

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	6 live	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	4 people	amod
4	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 live	nsubj
5	still	still	ADV	_	6 live	advmod
6	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 farms	case
8	farms	farm	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 live	obl
9	even	even	ADV	_	10 today	advmod
10	today	today	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 live	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	most people			farms	still; today		vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on farm=Location

Option 3

No, it happened in Roman times

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	INTJ	Polarity=Neg	4 happened	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 No	punct
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 happened	nsubj
4	happened	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 times	case
6	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 times	amod
7	times	time	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 happened	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	past	it				time		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Yes, more than half of people lived in cities only from 2007

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Yes	yes	INTJ	Polarity=Pos	8 lived	discourse
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Yes	punct
3	more	more	ADJ	Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV	5 half	advmod
4	than	than	ADP	_	3 more	fixed
5	half	half	NOUN	Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac	8 lived	nsubj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 people	case
7	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 half	nmod
8	lived	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 cities	case
10	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 lived	obl
11	only	only	ADV	_	13 2007	advmod
12	from	from	ADP	_	13 2007	case
13	2007	2007	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	8 lived	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	past	half of people			cities		from 2007	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in city=Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/t2/