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Test 3 · Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them…

In Europa Universalis, Kai clicks «develop» and his city grows in one second. What did real cities need?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: Kai, city, real cities · What happens: click, develop, grow, do, need · To what, where: Europa

This is test 3 of lesson 73 «Cities: why they grow, and how water and sewers made them safe» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In Europa Universalis, Kai clicks «develop» and his city grows in one second.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	2 Europa	case
2	Europa	Europa	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 clicks	obl
3	Universalis	Universalis	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 Europa	flat
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 Europa	punct
5	Kai	Kai	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 clicks	nsubj
6	clicks	click	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	«	«	PUNCT	_	8 develop	punct
8	develop	develop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	6 clicks	xcomp
9	»	»	PUNCT	_	8 develop	punct
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 grows	cc
11	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 city	nmod:poss
12	city	city	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 grows	nsubj
13	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 clicks	conj
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 second	case
15	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	16 second	nummod
16	second	second	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 grows	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 clicks	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	click	present	Kai			Europa			tree rules
2	develop in a quote	infinitive	Kai not said here						vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	grow	present	Kai's city				second		vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What did real cities need?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	2 did	nsubj
2	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 cities	amod
4	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 need	nsubj
5	need	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 did	ccomp
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 did	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	past							tree rules
2	need	present	real cities						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot

The options

Option 1

Nothing at all; they grew on their own overnight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 grew	nsubj
2	at	at	ADP	_	3 all	case
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	1 Nothing	nmod
4	;	;	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
5	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 grew	nsubj
6	grew	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	on	on	ADP	_	10 overnight	case
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 overnight	nmod:poss
9	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 overnight	amod
10	overnight	overnight	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 grew	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	past	Nothing			their own overnight			vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on overnight=Location

Option 2

Only a big army to protect the walls from enemies

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 army	advmod
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 army	det
3	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 army	amod
4	army	army	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 protect	mark
6	protect	protect	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 army	acl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 walls	det
8	walls	wall	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 protect	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 enemies	case
10	enemies	enemy	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 protect	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	protect	to-infinitive		the walls				from enemies	vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent wall=Beneficiary from enemy=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Extra food from farms, trade, water and many years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Extra	extra	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 food	amod
2	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 farms	case
4	farms	farm	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 food	nmod
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 trade	punct
6	trade	trade	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 food	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 water	punct
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 food	conj
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 years	cc
10	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 years	amod
11	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 food	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

One click from the ruler, just like in the game

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	One	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 click	nummod
2	click	click	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 ruler	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ruler	det
5	ruler	ruler	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 click	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 game	punct
7	just	just	ADV	_	11 game	advmod
8	like	like	ADP	_	11 game	case
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 game	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 game	det
11	game	game	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 click	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/73-cities-why-they-grow-and-how-sewers-made-them-safe/t3/