Exam question 4 · Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, space, AI, and is the…

Ascertain the response most consistent with the evidence in respect of the question whether the world is improving.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, world · What happens: ascertain, improve, respect · To what, where: response, question

This is exam question 4 of lesson 79 «Worries and hopes: climate, the UN, space, AI, and is the world getting better?» of the history course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	5 consistent	advmod
5	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 response	amod
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 evidence	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 evidence	det
8	evidence	evidence	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 consistent	obl
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 respect	case
10	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 evidence	nmod
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 question	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 question	det
13	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 respect	nmod
14	whether	whether	SCONJ	_	18 improving	mark
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 world	det
16	world	world	NOUN	Number=Sing	18 improving	nsubj
17	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 improving	aux
18	improving	improve	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 question	acl
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the response	vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Topic
2	improve	present · progressive	the world	the question not said here	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent question=Patient
3	respect			the question	nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

No change of any kind has occurred since nineteen hundred

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	2 change	det
2	change	change	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 occurred	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 kind	case
4	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	5 kind	det
5	kind	kind	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 change	nmod
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 occurred	aux
7	occurred	occur	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	since	since	ADP	_	10 hundred	case
9	nineteen	nineteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	10 hundred	compound
10	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 occurred	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	occur	present · perfect	no change of any kind				since nineteen hundred		vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	change		any kind						nom change «event intransitive»: of=agent

Option 2

Every aspect of human life has deteriorated, without any exception, since nineteen hundred

The tree, 13 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 aspect	det
2	aspect	aspect	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 deteriorated	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 life	case
4	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 life	amod
5	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 aspect	nmod
6	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 deteriorated	aux
7	deteriorated	deteriorate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 exception	punct
9	without	without	ADP	_	11 exception	case
10	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	11 exception	det
11	exception	exception	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 deteriorated	obl
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 hundred	punct
13	since	since	ADP	_	15 hundred	case
14	nineteen	nineteen	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 hundred	compound
15	hundred	hundred	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	7 deteriorated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deteriorate	present · perfect · passive		every aspect of human life			since nineteen hundred	without any exception	tree rules

Option 3

Every aspect of human life is now without defect

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	2 aspect	det
2	aspect	aspect	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 defect	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 life	case
4	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 life	amod
5	life	life	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 aspect	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 defect	cop
7	now	now	ADV	PronType=Dem	9 defect	advmod
8	without	without	ADP	_	9 defect	case
9	defect	defect	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	every aspect of human life				now	without defect	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Health, schooling and poverty have improved, whereas climate and nature have worsened

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Health	health	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 improved	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 schooling	punct
3	schooling	schooling	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Health	conj
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 poverty	cc
5	poverty	poverty	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Health	conj
6	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 improved	aux
7	improved	improve	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 worsened	punct
9	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	14 worsened	mark
10	climate	climate	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 worsened	nsubj:pass
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 nature	cc
12	nature	nature	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 climate	conj
13	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 worsened	aux
14	worsened	worsen	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 improved	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	improve	present · perfect	Health and schooling and poverty						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	worsen	present · perfect · passive		climate and nature					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/history/79-worries-and-hopes-is-the-world-getting-better/e4/