Test 8 · ★★★ · Games vs history: tech trees, barbarians, empty lands, won… Leo picks "England" and paints the map red. His teacher: "Real empires were mixed." Which example shows it?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Leo, example · What happens: pick, paint, mix, show · To what, where: England, map, teacher
This is test 8 · ★★★ of lesson 80 «Games vs history: tech trees, barbarians, empty lands, wonders and falls» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Leo picks "England" and paints the map red.
nsubj punct obj punct cc conj det obj xcomp punct root Leo PROPN picks VERB " PUNCT England PROPN " PUNCT and CCONJ paints VERB the DET map NOUN red ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Leo Leo PROPN Number=Sing 2 picks nsubj 2 picks pick VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 " " PUNCT _ 4 England punct 4 England England PROPN Number=Sing 2 picks obj 5 " " PUNCT _ 4 England punct 6 and and CCONJ _ 7 paints cc 7 paints paint VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 picks conj 8 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 9 map det 9 map map NOUN Number=Sing 7 paints obj 10 red red ADJ Degree=Pos 7 paints xcomp 11 . . PUNCT _ 2 picks punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 pick present Leo England vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent england=Patient 2 paint present Leo not said here the map red property vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent map=Destination
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: His teacher: "Real empires were mixed."
nmod:poss nsubj:outer punct punct amod nsubj:pass aux:pass punct punct root His PRON teacher NOUN : PUNCT " PUNCT Real ADJ empires NOUN were AUX mixed VERB . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 teacher nmod:poss 2 teacher teacher NOUN Number=Sing 8 mixed nsubj:outer 3 : : PUNCT _ 8 mixed punct 4 " " PUNCT _ 8 mixed punct 5 Real real ADJ Degree=Pos 6 empires amod 6 empires empire NOUN Number=Plur 8 mixed nsubj:pass 7 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 8 mixed aux:pass 8 mixed mix VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 9 . . PUNCT _ 8 mixed punct 10 " " PUNCT _ 8 mixed punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mix in a quote past · passive Leo's teacher vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
Sentence 3: Which example shows it?
det nsubj obj punct root Which DET example NOUN shows VERB it PRON ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Which which DET PronType=Int 2 example det 2 example example NOUN Number=Sing 3 shows nsubj 3 shows show VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 4 it it PRON Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 3 shows obj 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 shows punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 show present which example teacher vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice The Ottoman Empire had one language only, and everyone spoke Turkish
det compound nsubj nummod obj advmod punct cc nsubj parataxis obj root The DET Ottoman PROPN Empire PROPN had VERB one NUM language NOUN only ADV , PUNCT and CCONJ everyone PRON spoke VERB Turkish PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Empire det 2 Ottoman Ottoman PROPN Number=Sing 3 Empire compound 3 Empire Empire PROPN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 language nummod 6 language language NOUN Number=Sing 4 had obj 7 only only ADV _ 4 had advmod 8 , , PUNCT _ 11 spoke punct 9 and and CCONJ _ 11 spoke cc 10 everyone everyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Tot 11 spoke nsubj 11 spoke speak VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 had parataxis 12 Turkish Turkish PROPN Number=Sing 11 spoke obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the Ottoman Empire one language vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Patient 2 speak speech: other past everyone Turkish tree rules
Option 2 Empires never had more than one town
nsubj advmod advmod fixed nummod obj root Empires NOUN never ADV had VERB more ADJ than ADP one NUM town NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Empires empire NOUN Number=Plur 3 had nsubj 2 never never ADV PronType=Neg 3 had advmod 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 more more ADJ Degree=Cmp ExtPos=ADV 6 one advmod 5 than than ADP _ 4 more fixed 6 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 7 town nummod 7 town town NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not have past Empires one town vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent town=Patient
Option 3 England has always been one colour
nsubj aux advmod nummod nsubj root England PROPN has AUX always ADV been VERB one NUM colour NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 England England PROPN Number=Sing 4 been nsubj 2 has have AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 been aux 3 always always ADV PronType=Tot 4 been advmod 4 been be VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part root root 5 one one NUM NumForm=Word NumType=Card 6 colour nummod 6 colour colour NOUN Number=Sing 4 been nsubj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 be present · perfect England always property vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer The Ottoman Empire had many peoples, languages and religions
det compound nsubj amod obj punct conj cc conj root The DET Ottoman PROPN Empire PROPN had VERB many ADJ peoples NOUN , PUNCT languages NOUN and CCONJ religions NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 The the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 3 Empire det 2 Ottoman Ottoman PROPN Number=Sing 3 Empire compound 3 Empire Empire PROPN Number=Sing 4 had nsubj 4 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 5 many many ADJ Degree=Pos 6 peoples amod 6 peoples people NOUN Number=Plur 4 had obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 languages punct 8 languages language NOUN Number=Plur 6 peoples conj 9 and and CCONJ _ 10 religions cc 10 religions religion NOUN Number=Plur 6 peoples conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past the Ottoman Empire many peoples and languages and religions vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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