Test 9 · ★★★ · Games vs history: tech trees, barbarians, empty lands, won… Sam's game borders are crisp lines. His Geordie grandad: "Howay, man, borders were proper mucky back then." ("Howay, man" means come on; "mucky" means messy.) What's true?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: game borders, borders, man, mucky · What happens: be, mean, come on · To what, where: crisp lines, Howay · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 9 · ★★★ of lesson 80 «Games vs history: tech trees, barbarians, empty lands, wonders and falls» of the history course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Sam's game borders are crisp lines.
nmod:poss case compound nsubj cop amod punct root Sam PROPN 's PART game NOUN borders NOUN are AUX crisp ADJ lines NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Sam Sam PROPN Number=Sing 4 borders nmod:poss 2 's 's PART _ 1 Sam case 3 game game NOUN Number=Sing 4 borders compound 4 borders border NOUN Number=Plur 7 lines nsubj 5 are be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 lines cop 6 crisp crisp ADJ Degree=Pos 7 lines amod 7 lines line NOUN Number=Plur root root 8 . . PUNCT _ 7 lines punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present Sam's game borders crisp lines tree rules
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: His Geordie grandad: "Howay, man, borders were proper mucky back then."
nmod:poss compound punct punct appos punct conj punct nsubj cop advmod appos advmod advmod punct punct root His PRON Geordie NOUN grandad NOUN : PUNCT " PUNCT Howay PROPN , PUNCT man NOUN , PUNCT borders NOUN were AUX proper ADV mucky ADJ back ADV then ADV . PUNCT " PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 His his PRON Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 3 grandad nmod:poss 2 Geordie geordie NOUN Number=Sing 3 grandad compound 3 grandad grandad NOUN Number=Sing root root 4 : : PUNCT _ 6 Howay punct 5 " " PUNCT _ 6 Howay punct 6 Howay Howay PROPN Number=Sing 3 grandad appos 7 , , PUNCT _ 8 man punct 8 man man NOUN Number=Sing 6 Howay conj 9 , , PUNCT _ 13 mucky punct 10 borders border NOUN Number=Plur 13 mucky nsubj 11 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 13 mucky cop 12 proper properly ADV _ 13 mucky advmod 13 mucky mucky ADJ Degree=Pos 6 Howay appos 14 back back ADV _ 15 then advmod 15 then then ADV PronType=Dem 13 mucky advmod 16 . . PUNCT _ 13 mucky punct 17 " " PUNCT _ 13 mucky punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is in a quote past borders then mucky, properly property tree rules
Sentence 3: ("Howay, man" means come on; "mucky" means messy.)
punct punct obl punct nsubj punct ccomp advmod punct punct nsubj punct conj xcomp punct punct root ( PUNCT " PUNCT Howay PROPN , PUNCT man NOUN " PUNCT means VERB come VERB on ADV ; PUNCT " PUNCT mucky ADJ " PUNCT means VERB messy ADJ . PUNCT ) PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 ( ( PUNCT _ 3 Howay punct 2 " " PUNCT _ 3 Howay punct 3 Howay Howay PROPN Number=Sing 7 means obl 4 , , PUNCT _ 5 man punct 5 man man NOUN Number=Sing 7 means nsubj 6 " " PUNCT _ 5 man punct 7 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 8 come come VERB VerbForm=Inf 7 means ccomp 9 on on ADV _ 8 come advmod 10 ; ; PUNCT _ 14 means punct 11 " " PUNCT _ 12 mucky punct 12 mucky mucky ADJ Degree=Pos 14 means nsubj 13 " " PUNCT _ 12 mucky punct 14 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 means conj 15 messy messy ADJ Degree=Pos 14 means xcomp 16 . . PUNCT _ 7 means punct 17 ) ) PUNCT _ 7 means punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present man Howay vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 come on infinitive vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme 3 mean present mucky messy property vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
Sentence 4: What's true?
nsubj cop punct root What PRON 's AUX true ADJ ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int 3 true nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 3 true cop 3 true true ADJ Degree=Pos root root 4 ? ? PUNCT _ 3 true punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present true property tree rules
The options Option 1 Borders were always painted on the ground in bright, crisp lines
nsubj:pass aux:pass advmod case det obl case amod punct amod obl root Borders NOUN were AUX always ADV painted VERB on ADP the DET ground NOUN in ADP bright ADJ , PUNCT crisp ADJ lines NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Borders border NOUN Number=Plur 4 painted nsubj:pass 2 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 painted aux:pass 3 always always ADV PronType=Tot 4 painted advmod 4 painted paint VERB Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass root root 5 on on ADP _ 7 ground case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 ground det 7 ground ground NOUN Number=Sing 4 painted obl 8 in in ADP _ 12 lines case 9 bright bright ADJ Degree=Pos 12 lines amod 10 , , PUNCT _ 9 bright punct 11 crisp crisp ADJ Degree=Pos 12 lines amod 12 lines line NOUN Number=Plur 4 painted obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 paint past · passive Borders the ground in bright crisp lines; always property vn image_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: subject=Theme on ground=Destination
Option 2 Borders did not exist at all
nsubj aux advmod case obl root Borders NOUN did AUX not PART exist VERB at ADP all DET The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Borders border NOUN Number=Plur 4 exist nsubj 2 did do AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 exist aux 3 not not PART Polarity=Neg 4 exist advmod 4 exist exist VERB VerbForm=Inf root root 5 at at ADP _ 6 all case 6 all all DET PronType=Tot 4 exist obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 not exist past · do-support Borders all vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at all=Location
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer Many borders were fuzzy until modern maps and treaties
amod nsubj cop case amod obl cc conj root Many ADJ borders NOUN were AUX fuzzy ADJ until ADP modern ADJ maps NOUN and CCONJ treaties NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Many many ADJ Degree=Pos 2 borders amod 2 borders border NOUN Number=Plur 4 fuzzy nsubj 3 were be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin 4 fuzzy cop 4 fuzzy fuzzy ADJ Degree=Pos root root 5 until until ADP _ 7 maps case 6 modern modern ADJ Degree=Pos 7 maps amod 7 maps map NOUN Number=Plur 4 fuzzy obl 8 and and CCONJ _ 9 treaties cc 9 treaties treaty NOUN Number=Plur 7 maps conj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is past Many borders until modern maps and treaties fuzzy property tree rules
Option 4 Every field had a border wall
det nsubj det compound obj root Every DET field NOUN had VERB a DET border NOUN wall NOUN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Every every DET PronType=Tot 2 field det 2 field field NOUN Number=Sing 3 had nsubj 3 had have VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin root root 4 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 wall det 5 border border NOUN Number=Sing 6 wall compound 6 wall wall NOUN Number=Sing 3 had obj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 have past every field a border wall vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Patient
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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