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Test 8 · Formal and informal: a mate versus the head teacher

In a cartoon, a knight speaks to his best mate like a king's speech: "Prithee, good sir, pass the crisps." What's funny about it?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: knight, Prithee, king · What happens: speak, pass, be · To what, where: cartoon, crisps · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 8 of lesson 16 «Formal and informal: a mate versus the head teacher» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon, a knight speaks to his best mate like a king's speech: "Prithee, good sir, pass the crisps."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 speaks	obl
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	3 cartoon	punct
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 knight	det
6	knight	knight	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 speaks	nsubj
7	speaks	speak	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	to	to	ADP	_	11 mate	case
9	his	his	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 mate	nmod:poss
10	best	good	ADJ	Degree=Sup	11 mate	amod
11	mate	mate	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 speaks	obl
12	like	like	ADP	_	16 speech	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 king	det
14	king	king	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 speech	nmod:poss
15	's	's	PART	_	14 king	case
16	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 speaks	obl
17	:	:	PUNCT	_	19 Prithee	punct
18	"	"	PUNCT	_	19 Prithee	punct
19	Prithee	Prithee	PROPN	Number=Sing	24 pass	nsubj
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	22 sir	punct
21	good	good	ADJ	Degree=Pos	22 sir	amod
22	sir	sir	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 Prithee	appos
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	24 pass	punct
24	pass	pass	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 speaks	parataxis
25	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	26 crisps	det
26	crisps	crisp	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 pass	obj
27	.	.	PUNCT	_	24 pass	punct
28	"	"	PUNCT	_	24 pass	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	speak speech: other	present	a knight			a cartoon		to knight's best mate; like a king's speech	tree rules
2	pass in a quote	infinitive	Prithee	the crisps					vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme crisp=Trajectory
3	speak		a king						nom speech «communication transitive»: poss=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's funny about it?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 funny	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 funny	cop
3	funny	funny	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	about	about	ADP	_	5 it	case
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 funny	obl
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 funny	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						about speech; funny property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Prithee is a word for crisps in old English

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Prithee	Prithee	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 word	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 word	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 word	det
4	word	word	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 crisps	case
6	crisps	crisp	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 word	nmod
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 English	case
8	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 English	amod
9	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 crisps	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Prithee	a word				for crisps in old English	tree rules

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

He uses a very formal style for a chatty moment

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 uses	nsubj
2	uses	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 style	det
4	very	very	ADV	_	5 formal	advmod
5	formal	formal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 style	amod
6	style	style	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obj
7	for	for	ADP	_	10 moment	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 moment	det
9	chatty	chatty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 moment	amod
10	moment	moment	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 uses	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	He	a formal style			moment		vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent style=Patient

Option 3

Knights were not allowed to eat crisps at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Knights	knight	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 allowed	nsubj:pass
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 allowed	aux:pass
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 allowed	advmod
4	allowed	allow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 eat	mark
6	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 allowed	xcomp
7	crisps	crisp	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 eat	obj
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 eat	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not allow	past · passive		Knights					vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: subject=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
2	eat not said to happen	to-infinitive	Knights not said here	crisps		all			vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crisp=Patient

Option 4

Nothing, everyone talks to their mates like that

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	4 talks	nsubj
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	everyone	everyone	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Tot	4 talks	nsubj
4	talks	talk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 mates	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 mates	nmod:poss
7	mates	mate	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 talks	obl
8	like	like	ADP	_	9 that	case
9	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	7 mates	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	talk	present	Nothing					to their mates like that	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to mate=Co-Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/16-formal-and-informal-a-mate-versus-the-head-teacher/t8/