Test 9 · Formal and informal: a mate versus the head teacher Gran from Bristol says "Cheers, my lover" to the postman. Your friend from London is shocked. What's the truth?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Gran, friend, truth · What happens: say, be · To what, where: Cheers, postman · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 9 of lesson 16 «Formal and informal: a mate versus the head teacher» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school .
The question Sentence 1: Gran from Bristol says "Cheers, my lover" to the postman.
nsubj case nmod punct obj punct nmod:poss conj punct case det obl punct root Gran PROPN from ADP Bristol PROPN says VERB " PUNCT Cheers NOUN , PUNCT my PRON lover NOUN " PUNCT to ADP the DET postman NOUN . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gran Gran PROPN Number=Sing 4 says nsubj 2 from from ADP _ 3 Bristol case 3 Bristol Bristol PROPN Number=Sing 1 Gran nmod 4 says say VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 5 " " PUNCT _ 6 Cheers punct 6 Cheers cheer NOUN Number=Plur 4 says obj 7 , , PUNCT _ 9 lover punct 8 my my PRON Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 9 lover nmod:poss 9 lover lover NOUN Number=Sing 6 Cheers conj 10 " " PUNCT _ 6 Cheers punct 11 to to ADP _ 13 postman case 12 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 13 postman det 13 postman postman NOUN Number=Sing 4 says obl 14 . . PUNCT _ 4 says punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 say speech: assert present Gran from Bristol Cheers and my lover the postman vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent cheer=Topic to postman=Recipient
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: Your friend from London is shocked.
nmod:poss nsubj case nmod cop punct root Your PRON friend NOUN from ADP London PROPN is AUX shocked ADJ . PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Your your PRON Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs 2 friend nmod:poss 2 friend friend NOUN Number=Sing 6 shocked nsubj 3 from from ADP _ 4 London case 4 London London PROPN Number=Sing 2 friend nmod 5 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 6 shocked cop 6 shocked shocked ADJ Degree=Pos root root 7 . . PUNCT _ 6 shocked punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Your friend from London shocked property tree rules
Sentence 3: What's the truth?
cop det nsubj punct root What PRON 's AUX the DET truth NOUN ? PUNCT The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 What what PRON PronType=Int root root 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 1 What cop 3 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 4 truth det 4 truth truth NOUN Number=Sing 1 What nsubj 5 ? ? PUNCT _ 1 What punct
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present the truth tree rules
The options Option 1 · ← Mova's choice It means she wants the postman to go away
nsubj nsubj ccomp det obj mark xcomp advmod root It PRON means VERB she PRON wants VERB the DET postman NOUN to PART go VERB away ADV The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 2 means nsubj 2 means mean VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin root root 3 she she PRON Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 4 wants nsubj 4 wants want VERB Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 2 means ccomp 5 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 6 postman det 6 postman postman NOUN Number=Sing 4 wants obj 7 to to PART _ 8 go mark 8 go go VERB VerbForm=Inf 4 wants xcomp 9 away away ADV _ 8 go advmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 mean present It vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic 2 want present she the postman tree rules 3 go away not said to happen to-infinitive the postman not said here away property vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
Option 2 It's a rude thing to say to a postman in Bristol
nsubj cop det amod mark acl case det obl case nmod root It PRON 's AUX a DET rude ADJ thing NOUN to PART say VERB to ADP a DET postman NOUN in ADP Bristol PROPN The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 5 thing nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 5 thing cop 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 5 thing det 4 rude rude ADJ Degree=Pos 5 thing amod 5 thing thing NOUN Number=Sing root root 6 to to PART _ 7 say mark 7 say say VERB VerbForm=Inf 5 thing acl 8 to to ADP _ 10 postman case 9 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 10 postman det 10 postman postman NOUN Number=Sing 7 say obl 11 in in ADP _ 12 Bristol case 12 Bristol Bristol PROPN Number=Sing 10 postman nmod
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is a present It a rude thing tree rules 2 say speech: assert to-infinitive a postman in Bristol vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to postman=Recipient
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer It's a friendly West Country greeting to anyone
nsubj aux det amod compound nsubj case obl root It PRON 's AUX a DET friendly ADJ West PROPN Country PROPN greeting VERB to ADP anyone PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 It it PRON Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 7 greeting nsubj 2 's be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 7 greeting aux 3 a a DET Definite=Ind PronType=Art 6 Country det 4 friendly friendly ADJ Degree=Pos 6 Country amod 5 West West PROPN Number=Sing 6 Country compound 6 Country Country PROPN Number=Sing 7 greeting nsubj 7 greeting greet VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part root root 8 to to ADP _ 9 anyone case 9 anyone anyone PRON Number=Sing PronType=Ind 7 greeting obl
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 greet speech: greet present · progressive It to anyone vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
Option 4 Gran is in love with the postman and is telling him
nsubj cop case case det nmod cc aux parataxis iobj root Gran PROPN is AUX in ADP love NOUN with ADP the DET postman NOUN and CCONJ is AUX telling VERB him PRON The words, one row each (CoNLL-U) # word lemma UPOS features head relation 1 Gran Gran PROPN Number=Sing 4 love nsubj 2 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 4 love cop 3 in in ADP _ 4 love case 4 love love NOUN Number=Sing root root 5 with with ADP _ 7 postman case 6 the the DET Definite=Def PronType=Art 7 postman det 7 postman postman NOUN Number=Sing 4 love nmod 8 and and CCONJ _ 10 telling cc 9 is be AUX Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin 10 telling aux 10 telling tell VERB Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part 4 love parataxis 11 him he PRON Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs 10 telling iobj
# verb tense, mood who what, whom to whom where when other roles by
1 is present Gran love with the postman tree rules 2 tell speech: assert present · progressive Gran vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
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