Exam question 4 · Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the composition of English vocabulary.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, composition

This is exam question 4 of lesson 23 «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 composition	det
11	composition	composition	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 vocabulary	case
13	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 vocabulary	amod
14	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 composition	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the composition of English vocabulary		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus composition=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

English vocabulary is entirely of Old English origin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 vocabulary	amod
2	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 origin	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 origin	cop
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	8 origin	advmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	8 origin	case
6	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 origin	amod
7	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 origin	amod
8	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	English vocabulary					of Old English origin; entirely property	tree rules

Option 2

English vocabulary is entirely of French origin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	English	English	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 vocabulary	amod
2	vocabulary	vocabulary	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 origin	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 origin	cop
4	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	7 origin	advmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 origin	case
6	French	French	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 origin	amod
7	origin	origin	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	English vocabulary					of French origin; entirely property	tree rules

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

A majority of dictionary words derive from Latin and French, whereas the commonest words are chiefly Old English

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 majority	det
2	majority	majority	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 derive	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 words	case
4	dictionary	dictionary	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 words	compound
5	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 majority	nmod
6	derive	derive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 Latin	case
8	Latin	Latin	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 derive	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 French	cc
10	French	French	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 Latin	conj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	19 English	punct
12	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	19 English	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 words	det
14	commonest	common	ADJ	Degree=Sup	15 words	amod
15	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	19 English	nsubj
16	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	19 English	cop
17	chiefly	chiefly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 English	amod
18	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	19 English	amod
19	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 derive	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	derive	present	a majority of dictionary words			Latin and French			vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent from latin=Material
2	is	present	the commonest words					whereas chiefly Old English	tree rules

Option 4

Borrowed words are confined to scientific terminology

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Borrowed	borrow	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 words	amod
2	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 confined	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 confined	aux:pass
4	confined	confine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	to	to	ADP	_	7 terminology	case
6	scientific	scientific	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 terminology	amod
7	terminology	terminology	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 confined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	borrow	participle							vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
2	confine	present · passive		Borrowed words		scientific terminology			vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to terminology=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/e4/