Test 3 · ★ · Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin
Your Aussie cousin says "brekkie at 7 a.m., means after midnight, yeah?" ("Brekkie" means breakfast.) What does a.m. really mean?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Aussie cousin, Brekkie, a.m. · What happens: say, mean · To what, where: brekkie, 7, breakfast · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 3 · ★ of lesson 23 «Borrowed words: French, Norse and Latin» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Your Aussie cousin says "brekkie at 7 a.m., means after midnight, yeah?"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 cousin | nmod:poss |
| 2 | Aussie | aussie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 cousin | compound |
| 3 | cousin | cousin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 says | nsubj |
| 4 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 brekkie | punct |
| 6 | brekkie | brekkie | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 says | obj |
| 7 | at | at | ADP | _ | 8 7 | case |
| 8 | 7 | 7 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 6 brekkie | nmod |
| 9 | a.m. | a.m. | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 7 | nmod:unmarked |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 means | punct |
| 11 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 says | parataxis |
| 12 | after | after | ADP | _ | 13 midnight | case |
| 13 | midnight | midnight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 means | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 yeah | punct |
| 15 | yeah | yeah | INTJ | _ | 11 means | discourse |
| 16 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 4 says | punct |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | present | Your Aussie cousin | brekkie | 7 a.m. | tree rules | |||
| 2 | mean in a quote | present | midnight | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: ("Brekkie" means breakfast.)
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| 2 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 Brekkie | punct |
| 3 | Brekkie | Brekkie | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 means | nsubj |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 Brekkie | punct |
| 5 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | breakfast | breakfast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 means | obj |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| 8 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 5 means | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present | Brekkie | breakfast | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent breakfast=Topic |
Sentence 3: What does a.m. really mean?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 5 mean | obj |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 mean | aux |
| 3 | a.m. | a.m. | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 mean | nsubj |
| 4 | really | really | ADV | _ | 5 mean | advmod |
| 5 | mean | mean | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 6 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 5 mean | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | mean | present · do-support | a.m. | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Any minute
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 2 minute | det |
| 2 | minute | minute | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
After midday
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 2 midday | case |
| 2 | midday | midday | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3
After midnight
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 2 midnight | case |
| 2 | midnight | midnight | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Before midday
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Before | before | ADP | _ | 2 midday | case |
| 2 | midday | midday | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/23-borrowed-words-french-norse-and-latin/t3/