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Test 2 · Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukra…

Your cousin says "zero was invented in Europe, obvs." What's true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: cousin · What happens: say, invent, be · To what, where: zero, Europe · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 of lesson 24 «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your cousin says "zero was invented in Europe, obvs."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 cousin	nmod:poss
2	cousin	cousin	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 invented	punct
5	zero	zero	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 invented	nsubj:pass
6	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 invented	aux:pass
7	invented	invent	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 says	ccomp
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 Europe	case
9	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	7 invented	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 obvs	punct
11	obvs	obv	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 Europe	conj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 invented	punct
13	"	"	PUNCT	_	7 invented	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your cousin						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	invent in a quote	past · passive		zero		Europe and obvs			vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The idea came from India and its name came through Arabic

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 idea	det
2	idea	idea	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 came	nsubj
3	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	from	from	ADP	_	5 India	case
5	India	India	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 came	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 came	cc
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 name	nmod:poss
8	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 came	nsubj
9	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 came	conj
10	through	through	ADP	_	11 Arabic	case
11	Arabic	Arabic	PROPN	Number=Sing	9 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	the idea			India			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from india=Initial_Location
2	come	past	idea's name			Arabic			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme through arabic=Initial_Location
3	name		idea						nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

It came from Ukraine in 1900

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 came	nsubj
2	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 Ukraine	case
4	Ukraine	Ukraine	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 came	obl
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 1900	case
6	1900	1900	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	It			Ukraine		in 1900	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from ukraine=Initial_Location

Option 3

It came from Japan

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 came	nsubj
2	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 Japan	case
4	Japan	Japan	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	past	It			Japan			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from japan=Initial_Location

Option 4

She's right, it came from Rome, along with the Roman numerals

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 right	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 came	punct
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 came	nsubj
6	came	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 right	conj
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 Rome	case
8	Rome	Rome	PROPN	Number=Sing	6 came	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 numerals	punct
10	along	along	ADP	_	14 numerals	case
11	with	with	ADP	_	14 numerals	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 numerals	det
13	Roman	roman	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 numerals	amod
14	numerals	numeral	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 came	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	She					right property	tree rules
2	come	past	it			Rome		along the Roman numerals	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from rome=Initial_Location along numeral=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/t2/