Test 3 · Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukra…
Adam's gamer bro says "avatar was made up by game programmers, innit." What's fair?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: gamer bro, game programmers · What happens: say, make up, be · To what, where: avatar · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 3 of lesson 24 «Borrowed words from far away: Hindi, Arabic, Chinese, Ukrainian and more» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Adam's gamer bro says "avatar was made up by game programmers, innit."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Adam | Adam | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 bro | nmod:poss |
| 2 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 1 Adam | case |
| 3 | gamer | gamer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 bro | compound |
| 4 | bro | bro | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 says | nsubj |
| 5 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 made | punct |
| 7 | avatar | avatar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 made | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 made | aux:pass |
| 9 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 says | ccomp |
| 10 | up | up | ADP | _ | 9 made | compound:prt |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 programmers | case |
| 12 | game | game | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 programmers | compound |
| 13 | programmers | programmer | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 made | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 innit | punct |
| 15 | innit | innit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 programmers | appos |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 says | punct |
| 17 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 says | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Adam's gamer bro | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | make up in a quote | past · passive | game programmers | avatar | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Pivot |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What's fair?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 fair | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 fair | cop |
| 3 | fair | fair | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 fair | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | fair property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
He's right, it's from the 1990s
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 right | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | cop |
| 3 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 1990s | punct |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 1990s | nsubj |
| 6 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 1990s | cop |
| 7 | from | from | ADP | _ | 9 1990s | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 1990s | det |
| 9 | 1990s | 1990s | NOUN | Number=Ptan NumForm=Combi NumType=Card | 3 right | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | He | right property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | present | it | the 1990s | tree rules |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
It's an old Sanskrit word that found a new life in games
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 word | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 word | cop |
| 3 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 word | det |
| 4 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 word | amod |
| 5 | Sanskrit | Sanskrit | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 word | compound |
| 6 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 found | nsubj |
| 8 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 word | acl:relcl |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 life | det |
| 10 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 life | amod |
| 11 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 found | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 games | case |
| 13 | games | game | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 found | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | a old Sanskrit word | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | find | past | a old Sanskrit word | a new life | games | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Topic |
Option 3
It's a brand name
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 name | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 name | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 name | det |
| 4 | brand | brand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 name | compound |
| 5 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | a brand name | tree rules |
Option 4
It's from Arabic "ava"
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 ava | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 ava | cop |
| 3 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 ava | case |
| 4 | Arabic | Arabic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 ava | compound |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 ava | punct |
| 6 | ava | ava | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 ava | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is in a quote | present | It | Arabic ava | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/24-borrowed-words-from-far-away/t3/