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Test 7 · Verbs: doing words and being words

Dylan says "In 'You must stop', there is only one verb." What's true?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Dylan, You, one verb · What happens: say, stop, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 7 of lesson 3 «Verbs: doing words and being words» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Dylan says "In 'You must stop', there is only one verb."

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dylan	Dylan	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 says	nsubj
2	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	"	"	PUNCT	_	8 stop	punct
4	In	in	SCONJ	_	8 stop	mark
5	'	'	PUNCT	_	4 In	punct
6	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	8 stop	nsubj
7	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 stop	aux
8	stop	stop	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 says	ccomp
9	',	',	PUNCT	_	8 stop	punct
10	there	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	11 is	expl
11	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 says	ccomp
12	only	only	ADV	_	13 one	advmod
13	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	14 verb	nummod
14	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 is	nsubj
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	2 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Dylan						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	stop in a quote	must	You						vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality
3	be in a quote	present	one verb			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

There is no verb at all

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	There	there	PRON	PronType=Dem	2 is	expl
2	is	be	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 verb	det
4	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 is	nsubj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 all	case
6	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 verb	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	be	present	no verb at all			there			vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Must is a helping verb and stop is the main verb

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Must	must	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 verb	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 verb	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 verb	det
4	helping	helping	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 verb	compound
5	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 verb	cc
7	stop	stop	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 verb	nsubj
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 verb	cop
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 verb	det
10	main	main	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 verb	amod
11	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 verb	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Must	a helping verb and the main verb					tree rules
2	is a	present	stop	the main verb					tree rules

Option 3

You is the main verb

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	You	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	5 verb	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 verb	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 verb	det
4	main	main	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 verb	amod
5	verb	verb	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	You	the main verb					tree rules

Option 4

Must is a noun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Must	must	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 noun	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 noun	cop
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 noun	det
4	noun	noun	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	Must	a noun					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/3-verbs-doing-words-and-being-words/t7/