Test 3 · ★★ · Ukrainian compared with English

What would happen if you swapped the words in "The dog sees the cat" in English?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, dog · What happens: happen, swap, see · To what, where: words, cat, English

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 33 «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	6 swapped	mark
5	you	you	PRON	Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 swapped	nsubj
6	swapped	swap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 words	det
8	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 swapped	obj
9	in	in	SCONJ	_	13 sees	mark
10	"	"	PUNCT	_	13 sees	punct
11	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 dog	det
12	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 sees	nsubj
13	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 swapped	advcl
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 cat	det
15	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 sees	obj
16	"	"	PUNCT	_	15 cat	punct
17	in	in	ADP	_	18 English	case
18	English	English	PROPN	Number=Sing	13 sees	obl
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	happen	would				vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	swap a condition, not said to happen	past	you	the words		vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent word=Theme
3	see in a quote	present	the dog	the cat	English	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cat=Stimulus

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It would become nonsense in every case

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 become	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 become	aux
3	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	nonsense	nonsense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 become	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 case	case
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 case	det
7	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 nonsense	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	would	It					nonsense property	vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Nothing would change, just like in the Ukrainian sentence

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	3 change	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 change	aux
3	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 sentence	punct
5	just	just	ADV	_	10 sentence	advmod
6	like	like	ADP	_	10 sentence	case
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 sentence	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 sentence	det
9	Ukrainian	ukrainian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 sentence	amod
10	sentence	sentence	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 change	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	would	Nothing					like the Ukrainian sentence	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The meaning would change: the cat sees the dog

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 meaning	det
2	meaning	meaning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 change	nsubj
3	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 change	aux
4	change	change	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	:	:	PUNCT	_	8 sees	punct
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 cat	det
7	cat	cat	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sees	nsubj
8	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 change	ccomp
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 dog	det
10	dog	dog	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 sees	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	change	would	the meaning						tree rules
2	see	present	the cat	the dog					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer dog=Stimulus

Option 4

It would become a question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 become	nsubj
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 become	aux
3	become	become	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 question	det
5	question	question	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 become	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	become	would	It	a question					vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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