Ukrainian compared with English
Tests: 4 of 11 right · Exam: 2 of 4 right · Kind: ★★ · Understood: 7 of 15 · Run: 2026-10-18, commit f3c23ea72
Lesson 33 of the language course of Mova's primary school, as Mova's small model took its tests: it had read this lesson and the ones before it and learned from their exercises. Each test shows the options in the order the student saw them, its choice, the right answer, the score of every option and why it chose. The lesson itself, sentence by sentence with trees and pragmatics: the lesson in the corpora.
Every question of this lesson and each of its options parsed by Mova, with trees and pragmatics: the lesson's questions in the corpora.
Test 1 · ★★ · wrong ✗
Your mate goes "Ukrainian is just backwards English, bruv." What's true?
- 1. He's right, it's English written backwards in funny-looking letters — score 2
- 2. It's a separate language with its own alphabet and grammar — ✓ the right answer · no support
- 3. It's English with extra letters only — ← Mova's choice · score 4
- 4. It's a kind of Russian — no support
Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 3 with score 4, against 2 for the next best. Its support: lesson 13, line 7: «Middle English is English from about 1100 to 1500; in it the k in knight was said, and gh was a throaty sound like the ch in Scottish "loch".», reached through the option's own match among the sentences about the question's things. What matched: the same circumstance (+3); the same thing acted on «english english» (+1). The right option, 2, found no support in what it remembers. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Test 2 · ★★ · wrong ✗
Sophie's mate says "every language needs a and the, innit." What's true?
- 1. Only English and Ukrainian have no articles — no support
- 2. Ukrainian uses "the" but spells it differently — no support
- 3. Ukrainian manages without articles, using the situation — ✓ the right answer · score 2
- 4. He's right, every language on Earth has words for "a" and "the" — ← Mova's choice · score 5
Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 4 with score 5, against 2 for the next best. Its support: lesson 20, line 15: «"Ask" and "aks" both come from Old English, which had both forms; Chaucer wrote "axe" for ask in the 1300s; standard English chose "ask", and "aks" lives on in…», reached through the same lesson line as the sentence the question matched. What matched: the same doer «old english» (+3); the same thing acted on «forms» (+1); the same light verb (be, have, do, get, go) (+1). The right option, 3, scored 2. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Test 3 · ★★ · wrong ✗
What would happen if you swapped the words in "The dog sees the cat" in English?
- 1. It would become nonsense in every case — no support
- 2. Nothing would change, just like in the Ukrainian sentence — ← Mova's choice · score 2
- 3. The meaning would change: the cat sees the dog — ✓ the right answer · score 2
- 4. It would become a question — no support
Why: It took the question to ask what happens next. It chose option 2 with score 2, tied with another option at 2 (the first shown, or the one claiming less beyond what it knows, wins). Its support: lesson 2, line 4: «The same word can change jobs: in "I run fast" run is a verb, but in "The run was long" it is a noun, because now it names a thing.», reached through what followed the sentence the question matched. What matched: the same action «change» (+4). Against it: a different doer (counts against) (-2). The right option, 3, scored 2. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Test 4 · ★★ · right ✓
A Ukrainian girl calls "Олено!" and an English boy says "she said the name wrong". What's true?
- 1. It's the vocative, the normal form for calling Olena — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · no support
- 2. He's right, it's a mistake — no support
- 3. It's a different name — no support
- 4. It's the plural of Olena — no support
Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Test 5 · ★★ · wrong ✗
Your Yorkshire grandad says "eh up, ah'm thee mate, call me thee." ("Eh up" means hello; "thee" is an old word for you still heard in parts of Yorkshire.) Which Ukrainian "you" is like his friendly "thee"?
- 1. Вони — ← Mova's choice · no support
- 2. Ви — no support
- 3. Ми — no support
- 4. Ти — ✓ the right answer · no support
Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Test 6 · ★★ · right ✓
A newspaper writes "Kiev" in 2026. What's the better spelling, and why?
- 1. Kiyv, because it's shorter — no support
- 2. Kyiv, because it follows Ukrainian — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 16
- 3. Kiev, because it's the older English spelling — score 9
- 4. It doesn't matter at all — no support
Why: It took the question to ask what it is done to. It chose option 2 with score 16, against 9 for the next best. Its support: lesson 33, line 13: «"Kiev" came from the Russian spelling; "Kyiv" follows Ukrainian, and after the #KyivNotKiev campaign started in 2018, many governments, airports and newspapers…», reached through the same lesson line as the sentence the question matched. What matched: the same action «follow» (+5); the same doer «kyiv» (+4); it fills the role the question asks for (+4); the same thing acted on «ukrainian» (+3). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Test 7 · ★★ · right ✓
Your mate laughs "so in Ukrainian a window is neither boy nor girl, lol, it's an IT." What's true?
- 1. "Вікно" is neuter, a grammar label, not a real "it-person" — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · no support
- 2. It's a mistake in Ukrainian — no support
- 3. Only English has neuter — no support
- 4. Windows really have a gender — no support
Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Test 8 · ★★ · wrong ✗
A Gen Z TikToker says "дякую is lowkey impossible to say, I'm not even gonna try." ("Lowkey" means a bit.) What's good advice?
- 1. It's rude to try — ← Mova's choice · no support
- 2. Just say "thank you" louder — no support
- 3. Try "DYAH-koo-yu"; a few polite words show respect — ✓ the right answer · no support
- 4. You must be fluent in Ukrainian before you try saying any word — no support
Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Test 9 · ★★ · wrong ✗
Your cousin says "all Cyrillic alphabets are the same, so Ukrainian and Russian letters match exactly." What shows she's wrong?
- 1. Ukrainian uses Latin letters — ← Mova's choice · score 4
- 2. Russian has no letters — no support
- 3. Cyrillic has only 10 letters — no support
- 4. Ukrainian has its own letters like ї and ґ — ✓ the right answer · score 2
Why: It took the question to ask who or what does it. It chose option 1 with score 4, against 2 for the next best. Its support: lesson 33, line 6: «Ukrainian uses the Cyrillic alphabet with 33 letters; some look like English letters but sound different: "В" sounds like v, "Н" like n, "Р" like r.», reached through the option's own match among the sentences about the question's things. What matched: the same action «use» (+2); it fills the role the question asks for (+2); the same doer «ukrainian» (+1). Against it: a different thing acted on (counts against) (-1). The right option, 4, scored 2. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Test 10 · ★★ · right ✓
Ivan writes "Україна". Which letter here is the special Ukrainian "yi"?
- 1. Ї — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · no support
- 2. Н — no support
- 3. У — no support
- 4. К — no support
Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Test 11 · ★★ · wrong ✗
Your English friend says "English has no cases at all, mate." What's a fair reply?
- 1. Mostly true, but pronouns like he, him and his still change — ✓ the right answer · score 2
- 2. English has more cases than Ukrainian — no support
- 3. English has seven cases like Ukrainian — no support
- 4. Totally true, English never changes the ending of any word at all — ← Mova's choice · score 9
Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 4 with score 9, against 2 for the next best. Its support: lesson 10, line 3: «Some words don't change at all: one sheep, two sheep; one deer, two deer; one moose, two moose; you know how many from the number or from "is" and "are".», reached through the remembered sentence the question matched. What matched: the same place «all» (+4); the same action «change» (+3); the same doer «words» (+2). The right option, 1, scored 2. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Exam question 1 · formal language · right ✓
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the means by which Ukrainian indicates the grammatical function of a noun?
- 1. Principally by the alteration of word endings, termed cases — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · no support
- 2. Principally by fixed word order identical to that of English — no support
- 3. Principally by tones of voice — no support
- 4. Principally by the use of articles — no support
Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Exam question 2 · formal language · right ✓
Identify the meaning of the Ukrainian sentence "Кота бачить собака".
- 1. The cat sees the dog — no support
- 2. The cat and the dog see each other — score 7
- 3. The dog sees the cat — ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer · score 8
- 4. The dog does not see the cat — score 5
Why: It took the question to ask which statement is true. It chose option 3 with score 8, against 7 for the next best. Its support: lesson 33, line 2: «English shows who does what mostly by word order; Ukrainian shows it mostly with word endings, so Danylo can say "Собака бачить кота" or "Кота бачить собака" a…», reached through the same lesson line as the sentence the question matched. What matched: the same action «see» (+4); the same doer «dog» (+3); the same thing acted on «cat» (+1). · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Exam question 3 · formal language · wrong ✗
Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the vocative case in Ukrainian.
- 1. It denotes the plural number — ← Mova's choice · no support
- 2. It is the form employed in calling or addressing a person, as in "Мамо!" — ✓ the right answer · no support
- 3. It is an error committed by young speakers — no support
- 4. It is the form employed exclusively in written letters and official correspondence — no support
Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
Exam question 4 · formal language · wrong ✗
In respect of the pronouns "ти" and "ви", ascertain the circumstance in which "ви" is appropriately employed.
- 1. In addressing a younger sibling — ← Mova's choice · no support
- 2. In addressing a teacher, a stranger or several persons — ✓ the right answer · no support
- 3. In addressing oneself — no support
- 4. In addressing a domestic animal — no support
Why: No option found support in what it remembers, so it guessed: it took the first option shown. · the question and its options parsed, with trees and pragmatics
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