Test 1 · ★★ · Ukrainian compared with English
Your mate goes "Ukrainian is just backwards English, bruv." What's true?
Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mate, Ukrainian · What happens: go, be · To what, where: English · Speech: someone speaks here
This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 33 «Ukrainian compared with English» of the language course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: Your mate goes "Ukrainian is just backwards English, bruv."
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 mate | nmod:poss |
| 2 | mate | mate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 goes | nsubj |
| 3 | goes | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 English | punct |
| 5 | Ukrainian | Ukrainian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 English | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 English | cop |
| 7 | just | just | ADV | _ | 9 English | advmod |
| 8 | backwards | backwards | ADV | _ | 9 English | advmod |
| 9 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 goes | parataxis |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 bruv | punct |
| 11 | bruv | bruv | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 English | conj |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 goes | punct |
| 13 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 goes | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | go | present | Your mate | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | Ukrainian | English and bruv | backwards property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What's true?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 3 true | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 true | cop |
| 3 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 true | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | true property | tree rules |
The options
Option 1
He's right, it's English written backwards in funny-looking letters
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 right | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 right | cop |
| 3 | right | right | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 written | punct |
| 5 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 written | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 8 written | aux |
| 7 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 written | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | written | write | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 right | parataxis |
| 9 | backwards | backwards | ADV | _ | 8 written | advmod |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 letters | case |
| 11 | funny | funny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 looking | compound |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 funny | punct |
| 13 | looking | look | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 letters | amod |
| 14 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 written | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | He | right property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | write | present · passive | it | looking letters | backwards property | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in letter=Destination | |||
| 3 | look | gerund | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
It's a separate language with its own alphabet and grammar
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 language | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 language | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 language | det |
| 4 | separate | separate | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 language | amod |
| 5 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 alphabet | case |
| 7 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 alphabet | nmod:poss |
| 8 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 alphabet | amod |
| 9 | alphabet | alphabet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 language | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 grammar | cc |
| 11 | grammar | grammar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 alphabet | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | a separate language | with language's own alphabet and grammar | tree rules |
Option 3 · ← Mova's choice
It's English with extra letters only
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 English | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 English | cop |
| 3 | English | English | PROPN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | with | with | ADP | _ | 6 letters | case |
| 5 | extra | extra | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 letters | amod |
| 6 | letters | letter | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 English | nmod |
| 7 | only | only | ADV | _ | 6 letters | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | English | with extra letters | tree rules |
Option 4
It's a kind of Russian
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 kind | nsubj |
| 2 | 's | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 kind | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 kind | det |
| 4 | kind | kind | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 Russian | case |
| 6 | Russian | Russian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 kind | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | It | a kind | of Russian | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/language/33-ukrainian-compared-with-english/t1/